The clinical recognition and evaluation of male genitourinary cancer requiring referral from primary care to urology is challenging. Patients with prostate, testicular, and penile cancer tend to delay seeking clinical attention for more than a year from onset Male genital cancers are not uncommon, and because of their location, they may be detected at an early stage. Prostate cancer is now the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous tumor and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination will be discussed as a promising primary prevention of penile and prostate cancer. In primary care, distinguishing between the differential diagnoses of prostatic disease involves distinguishing between infectious etiology, hyperplasia, and carcinoma. Primary care screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) revolutionized clinical diagnostic management of benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer. Microwave thermotherapy relieves symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by inducing hypothermia transurethrally (TUMT) or transrectally (TRMT).