The most common type of gallbladder condition is the development of gallstones. In some patients, a gallstone may cause the gallbladder to become inflamed, resulting in pain, infection, or other serious complications. The best screening method to accurately determine the presence of gallstones is ultrasonography. Gallstones can cause a variety of complications requiring hospitalization and rapid intervention. Biliary pain results from impaction of the cystic duct or common bile duct by a gallstone, causing distention of the gallbladder. Risk factors for gallbladder cancer include ethnicity and female gender, cholelithiasis, advancing age, chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gallbladder, and congenital biliary abnormalities. Oral cholecystography is a second-line test after ultrasound in diagnosing chronic cholecystitis. Cholecystectomy is the definitive treatment of choice for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Several nonsurgical modalities have been used for the treatment of gallstones. Oral dissolution therapy has many limitations and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy is rarely performed.