Valvular heart disease affects 2.5% of the population in the United States with an equal gender distribution, but is found more frequently with increasing age. It is expected that the prevalence will increase because of the disproportionate rise of the aging population and the widespread use of echocardiography to identify valvular heart disease even before the onset of clinical signs and symptoms. The primary care provider will therefore encounter such patients on a more frequent basis. This chapter reviews issues for five major acquired left-sided valvular lesions: mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse (MVP), aortic stenosis, and aortic regurgitation. Transthoracic echocardiography is the most common imaging tool for the diagnosis and clinical follow-up of valvular heart disease. All patients, with support from their health care team, should strive to achieve as many of the recommendations from the American Heart Association for health promotion and disease prevention as possible.