This chapter proposes and explores a conceptual framework that captures the intersection between cultural and societal contextualized experiences and trauma treatment models. More specifically, the intention is to develop understandings of culturally based trauma that can inform EMDR therapy. This chapter proposes the terms “culturally based trauma and adversity” (CBTA) and “culturally based strengths and opportunities” (CBSO), along with working definitions and discusses the value of developing useful terminology. A list of distinct but overlapping types of CBTA are offered for consideration. The under recognition of CBTA is discussed as well as the importance of a clinical stance and other treatment approaches that make sure CBTA is recognized. The importance of infusing the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model with understandings of social information processing is discussed. And finally, considerations are offered regarding increasing the recognition of culturally based trauma and adversity within the trauma treatment field.