This chapter reviews the major theoretical traditions that contributed to our modern understanding of body image. These include in historical order: gestalt, psychoanalytic, cognitive, and feminist/sociocultural views. Each has described how body image can be damaged by experiences. Taken together, they encompass a full biopsychosocial formulation. However, the best test of a theory is how well it addresses emerging issues. Today we have ever-growing knowledge about neurobiology and dissociation. Moreover, we are challenged to better understand racial trauma in these times. Both these contemporary issues are examined in this review.