As a resource for potential leaders of international nonprofit organizations (INFP), this chapter introduces some of the core concepts pertaining to the world of international nonprofits and theoretical frameworks defining structures of leadership, with relevance to understanding the universe of INFPs, the factors contributing to high effectiveness in INFP leadership, and the current challenges facing INFPs in the context of globalization/global governance. It provides a brief overview of the categorization of international institutions (IIs), focusing on international nongovernmental organization (INGOs), and the cultural factors affecting their practice, as well as the main challenges and ethical dilemmas they face. Two main types of IIs were established at Bretton Woods: the international financial institutions (IFIs) and the UN sector. IFIs aim to provide access to funding, while setting normative standards that contribute to the creation of sustainable economic growth and, implicitly, sustainable development.