A literature review explores current evidence-based care of the dying focusing on common symptom management needs. The initial literature review suggested that evidence-based end-of-life (EOL) care must include physical symptom management, a spiritual and emotional support focus, and a support system for the health care provider. Pain continued to be the symptom of greatest concern for the terminally ill during the dying process. The use of opiates and sedatives to manage dyspnea at EOL also remains complicated by knowledge deficits and personal attitudes often resulting in the denial of dignified comfort measures for the dying. The final focus of the literature review was the identification of the need for health care provider self-care. Self-care must incorporate self-awareness of the impact a caregiver’s own culture, life experiences, attitudes, and fears have on the care he or she is providing. Self-care encourages reflection and allows for the recognition of positive outcomes.