This chapter is organized around three steps in identifying and analyzing a policy problem or issue. First, it discusses the need for clear identification of a problem, including specificity in defining it, quantifying the problem and its impact with data, and determining the cost. Next, the chapter describes the importance of understanding the context of a policy problem, as the intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to the problem can sometimes be confounders to policy solutions. Finally, it discusses the importance of identifying and engaging stakeholders in both the policy problem identification and development of an advocacy strategy, including the consideration of political stakeholders. The chapter provides several policy analysis tools for use in both big “P” and little “p” policy problems. It should be noted that though this chapter outlines these steps individually, policy analysis is rarely a linear process.