This chapter provides an overview of common and some rare neuropsychiatric syndromes after stroke and summarizes options for their treatment. The poststroke depression literature often conflates depressive disorder and depressive symptoms. Beyond categorization of depression, assessment of an individual who has suffered a stroke is further complicated by the physical and cognitive sequelae of the brain lesion. Several demographic and clinical characteristics increase the risk for depression after stroke. These include female gender, younger age, previous psychiatric illness, neuroticism, family history of psychiatric illness, greater disability, medical comorbidity, fatigue, and lower education and socioeconomic status. A complex relationship exists between depression, functioning, and cognitive impairment after stroke. Depression and functional dependence are associated with poor quality of life, social support, physical functioning, self-esteem, perceived control, and pessimism in stroke patients.