This chapter focuses on the prevention and management of the most common potential medical complications that occur during inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Early rehabilitation efforts help to enhance a stroke patient’s potential for recovery by limiting the negative role that motor, sensory, cognitive, and psychological impairments could have on functional independence. Rehabilitation encompasses medical, physical, psychological, social, educational, and vocational interventions that can be provided in a variety of institutional and community settings. Poststroke patients having cognitive impairments are at a high risk for falls and associated fractures and injuries, which must also be prevented. There should also be management of poststroke depression and emotional dysfunction as well as chronic pain, which will otherwise interfere with recovery. Poststroke medical complications impede rehabilitation resulting in poor functional outcomes and increased costs of care.