The experience of limb loss creates a challenge for the individual with a congenital, surgical, or traumatic amputation. The energy expenditure that is required to use a prosthesis for either ambulation or upper extremity function is a sufficient obstacle for an amputee to face. The majority of studies address lower extremity amputation, among adults, primarily men, and disproportionately for a military population. Many of these studies fail to control for important and potential confounding factors that may influence study outcomes, including the patient’s premorbid medical and socioeconomic status, concurrent medical comorbidities, the presence of premorbid or postsurgical pain, and the patient’s psychosocial context during postamputation rehabilitation. Successful rehabilitation will most likely result from an interaction of medical, physical, social, and psychological factors that define the personal context for the individual. These exigencies encourage a comprehensive and biopsychosocial assessment of the amputee when considering clinically pertinent adjustment issues.