This chapter covers both lower and upper extremity restoration and rehabilitation and serves as a handy reference for busy practitioners to support sound clinical decision-making. Most upper extremity amputations are secondary to trauma in the young adult who is otherwise healthy; consequently, the rehabilitation team often does not have the opportunity to prepare the patient for limb loss. The thumb is responsible for 40% of hand function. Careful examination and understanding of the residual limb range of motion (ROM), strength, sensation, and length aids the physician in prescribing the most suitable prosthesis for the individual. Ideally, the physiatrist, also called a physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) physician, is able to meet with the patient prior to surgery. The number one cause of upper extremity amputation in the young and middle-aged adults is trauma and may preclude a PM&R consult and preoperative education.