This chapter focuses on two factors that help define the functioning of organizations climate and leadership. It also focuses on key climate and leadership variables that are relevant to the occupational health and safety of employees. The early research on organizational climate tended to focus on two important themes: distinguishing levels of analysis and identifying dimensions of the workplace that relate to employees’ social well-being. In terms of levels of analysis, early research on organizational climate focused on individual climate perceptions of objective organizational characteristics or personal experiences and examined the relationships between these perceptions and individual outcomes. In addition to differentiating between psychological and organizational climate constructs, contemporary research on organizational climate has drawn from multilevel theory and identified important guidelines concerning the aggregation of individual perceptions. This chapter discusses three contemporary leadership theories: transformational leadership, leader-member exchange, and abusive supervision and their linkages with occupational health psychology (OHP) related topics.