Disability is a broad category that is defined differently across academic and clinical disciplines, federal agencies, and federal legislation. The prevalence of disability is expected to rise over the next several decades due to increased global prevalence of chronic disease and advances in medical technology. This chapter describes the types of disabilities that exist and the general prevalence of disabilities in the United States, and how systemic oppression serves as a barrier to achieving health equity among individuals with disabilities. It helps the reader to identify the types of health disparities that individuals with disabilities experience and to contrast the medical model, social model, and biopsychosocial model of disabilities. The chapter also describes the ways in which those models affect achievement of health equity and explains how community-based participatory research and Universal Design serve as best-practices in achieving health equity for individuals with disabilities.