The recognition of difficulties and challenges faced by the whole family has led to the development of family-centered approaches that provide various services and supports across the life span. Key goals of family-centered programs are to enhance resilience and increase opportunities for positive outcomes. This chapter examines families’ responses and adjustments to the impact of chronic illness and disability (CID). It presents information on psychosocial adaptation, family resilience and empowerment, family assessment in service provision, and cultural perspectives on family attitudes toward disability. The chapter examines the differential impacts of various disability experiences upon the family system, tools, and strategies for assessing family functioning, and interdisciplinary interventions aimed toward supporting families to adapt and optimize functioning. It discusses important cultural considerations and examines cultural factors. Finally, the chapter presents ideas for future directions for policy and research development to improve supports to families who are supporting members with disabilities.