Poverty and disability are interconnected and are cyclical in nature. That is, persons with disabilities and chronic illnesses are disproportionately represented among those living in poverty and poverty disproportionately affects individuals with disabilities. Socioeconomic status is the most powerful predictor of chronic disease, disability, and mortality. The intersection between poverty and disability and chronic illness is influenced by a host of factors including employment status, educational attainment, lack of insurance, lack of access to medical care, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Persons with disabilities living in poverty may have to contend with multiple risks associated with limited resources, high stress, neurobehavioral effects, and exposure to various traumas. This chapter examines how poverty, disability, and chronic illness influence one another, describes the impact of poverty, contributing factors that precipitate and result from living in poverty, and the relationship between poverty and disability, and discusses implications and strategies for counseling.