This chapter explores public health nursing within a larger primary health care framework demonstrating how public health nursing evolved over time to meet the needs of the public. It also explores the evolution of public health nursing in the United States, and presents a historical case study highlighting an early 20th-century experiment in providing public health nursing to rural communities. The American Red Cross began a rural public health nursing service in 1912, which became known as the Town and Country Nursing Service. Political advocacy became central to the role of public health nurses in the early 20th century. The chapter shows how the town of Red Hook, a rural community in upstate New York, affiliated with the Town and Country Nursing Service between the years 1915 and 1917, demonstrating how public health nurses and community activists assembled resources to ensure a healthier community.