This chapter reviews some of the most common problems confronted by nurses working in conflict zones. Nurses and other health care workers who enter a conflict area to retrieve the wounded should be allowed to pass without threats to their safety. Armed conflict leads to increased rates of gender-based violence and sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV infection. In times of conflict, children are vulnerable to malnutrition, which then lowers resistance to common public health problems such as malaria, measles, and respiratory infections such as pneumonia. Mental health is adversely affected by violent conflict, and has only recently begun to be addressed by humanitarian relief agencies. Prolonged armed conflict can have devastating effects on the discipline of nursing and on nursing education. Many resources, including training programs, online information, and input from experienced staff, are available for nurses who wish to contribute to global health nursing in conflict areas.