This chapter discusses the important role early-childhood programs can play in the promotion of physical and mental health and the management of chronic conditions in the lives of young children and their families. It then presents three key conditions illustrating how nursing research in early-childhood programs could advance the health and well-being of young children: asthma screening and management, obesity prevention, and child mental health. The chapter describes collaborations with the Chicago Department of Children and Youth Services to disseminate the Chicago Parent Program in Head Start centers as one example of how nursing research is changing practice and informing policy. It also describes the importance of nursing research in early childhood and how one evidence-based solution, the Chicago Parent Program, is improving the lives of young children enrolled in early-childcare programs serving families from low-income communities.