This chapter discusses three key controversies in the trauma psychology field: whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a sufficient diagnostic category to capture the full range of reactions to severe and prolonged trauma, whether memories of traumatic events can be lost, and whether dissociative identity disorder is a real condition or a social construct. Another controversial and heavily debated topic in the field of trauma psychology is whether memories of childhood abuse can be lost and then later recovered. Research and debate on this issue have converged on several key questions: Do recovered memories of traumatic events exist?, How and why do individuals forget and then later remember a traumatic event?, Do false memories exist?, How and why do false memories occur, and Another key criticism of Complex PTSD (CPTSD) is its significant overlap with PTSD and Borderline Personality Disorder.