This chapter focuses on the manifestation of Social Darkness, a consequence of the violent victimizing of First Peoples in the Western Hemisphere to present-day peoples of color who have endured centuries of colonial violence under the auspices of differential sociopolitical policies. It focuses on the effects of these policies as shown by the persistence of disparate racial health statuses. The chapter yields insight into factors that expand mainstream understanding of how race and racism operate in contemporary society and the deleterious health effects of ignoring the impact of racial history on federal policy design. Finally, it ends with a brief discussion of policy areas that, if addressed with a fuller understanding of the operationalization of race—racism—would go far to address national racial health disparities.