Many people can easily conceptualize aging when they think about individual people–they simply imagine the physical and social changes they have observed in others as they have grown older. This chapter explores the future of aging and the life course. It highlights the fact that the future of aging is already here and can be understood by studying younger cohorts and examining cohort differences. The chapter shows how aging is being reconfigured by changes in the life course and families. It emphasizes how aging processes and outcomes are both diverse and unequal. The chapter identifies several important initiatives to improve life span, health span, and the vitality of older people. Finally, it offers parting thoughts to readers about the significance of aging for their lives, underscoring the need to understand personal aging by looking beyond the person and to see how it is powerfully shaped by social forces.