The impact of aging on the economic situations of individuals and on the economy of a nation is two distinct but related topics. Aging, economic well-being of individuals, and the economy as an institution together are tied together through public policies about income maintenance for older adults, protections agains poverty in later life, and the structured advantages and disadvantages that accumulated over the life course to influence individual circumstances. This chapter tackles all of these issues, along with the promising prospect that population aging can be a driver of economic growth. Economics influence the unfolding of each individual’s life course in many ways. The chapter examines the economic status of the older population and the factors that affect it; considers how older people’s economic behaviors as a group in turn influence the economy. It explores the intentions and impacts of policies that provide income support to the older population.