Public health and community-based health care social work are health care specialties that integrate prevention, case management, education, community organization, policy practice, and leadership. This chapter describes public health and community-based social work as public and community movements to improve the quality of health and life. It provides an overview of public health and social work’s role in helping patients/clients/consumers as these two fields of practice have much in common, and together they can make contributions to prevention and wellness. It then examines the relationship to health care and the role of public health in health promotion, disease prevention, and addressing health disparities. The chapter presents a case example of a social worker engaged in primary prevention in a health program in a public school. It describes the history and integration of public health social work as well as educational opportunities and practice roles for public health social work.