This chapter provides basic knowledge about the process, principles, and steps of program evaluation and their application to healthcare practice, education, and research. Meaningful use of program evaluation to healthcare remains essential as economic resources for new clinical programs shrink and the viability and impact of existing programs are challenged. Program evaluation serves many purposes including program improvement; accountability and decision-making; judgments of merit, worth, and significance; and ultimately social welfare promotion and measurement of success, relevance, and sustainability. Program evaluation studies use various frameworks and methods, but commonly share goals to analyze new or existing programs within a specific social context, produce information for evaluating the program’s effectiveness, and use information to make decisions about program refinement, revision, and/or continuation. Ultimately, the program evaluator needs to examine and protect the program’s integrity at all levels, because, if integrity is not maintained, the outcomes of the program are questionable.