Community assessment is not a public health philosophy or theory. Community assessment is something a health practitioner does. For years, professionals in public health departments conducted community assessments; now, hospitals and clinics are also performing community assessments. This chapter provides a brief description on community assessments in public health nutrition. It begins by describing various terms and definitions for community assessment. Several national public health and healthcare organizations have developed community health assessment models and tools. The chapter reviews some of these models and tools. It discusses the reasons for conducting assessments and approaches to conducting community assessment. The chapter also describes types of data, data sources, data collection methods, and challenges along with steps for developing a plan to assess the target population with key stakeholders. It reviews important skills needed by public health professionals and emerging technologies that may be used in community assessment and programs.