This chapter addresses the identification, reporting, and investigation of suspected child maltreatment. There are common risk factors associated with child maltreatment. These are commonly categorized into caregiver factors, child factors, family factors, and community and environmental factors. The most efficient and recommended contact for reporting a case of suspected child maltreatment is through the State Central Register (SCR), which is the entry point for Child Protective Services (CPS). The CPS worker continues the assessment process, including ensuring the children’s safety, reducing risks of maltreatment, evaluating the achievement of family outcomes, and reviewing the family’s progress. For protecting children, CPS uses a deficit model, which places responsibility for maltreatment on the parents. For working with families, CPS adopts a family-strengths model, which places responsibility on environmental factors such as poverty and institutional violence. CPS workers use psychometrically designed risk assessments to assist in their decision making.