This chapter reviews the policy climate around the increasing reliance on nurse practitioners (NP) and outlines current strategies to address the demand for growth in the NP workforce. It explores the developing NP workforce within the culture of health and reports current NP workforce data. The chapter reviews provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) that are dedicated to workforce development and describes agency actions to advance their implementation. The Health Resources and Services Administration’s (HRSA) National Center for Health Workforce Analysis released new data projecting the anticipated shortage of primary care providers (PCP). Responding to the shortage of health providers delivering primary and preventive care, the federal government is actively developing the nursing workforce. HRSA, a part of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), administers the programs that develop nursing recruitment, education, practice, and retention at all levels.