Effective pain management is predicated on excellent pain assessment. Key terms in pain management include addiction, drug dependence, pseudoaddiction, and tolerance. Healthcare providers, as well as patients and families, should understand the differences among these terms when planning pain management interventions. Effective pain management in hospice and palliative care requires the integrated expertise of the interdisciplinary hospice team. Both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions are important for addressing not only the physical aspects of serious illness but also the social, psychological, and spiritual dimensions. Patient and family support and education are crucial to promoting an understanding of pain assessment and pain management techniques. This chapter helps nurses to differentiate among various types of pain according to the patient's symptoms, identify complex pain syndromes, and explain the risks and benefits of pharmacological and nonpharmacological pain interventions.