Cancer is characterized by genetic mutations in normal cells. The greatest risk factor for cancer is aging. A diagnosis of terminal cancer is devastating to patients and their families. The hospice nurse must have a command of the staging of cancers, cancer treatment options, how to approach conversations about goal setting, and how to address symptoms that arise as a result of cancer treatment or disease progression. Additionally, the hospice nurse must also incorporate cultural and religious family preferences when planning care. End-of-life care for patients who have terminal cancer should be holistic and aligned with the patient's goals of care. Emotional support and teaching regarding the disease process should be provided for the patient and family throughout the course of the illness. This chapter helps the nurse to discuss key features of terminal cancer, identify risk factors for common forms of cancer, and determine interventions appropriate for oncologic emergencies.