This chapter provides an overview of the HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) epidemic among gender and sexual minority (GSM) populations. It reviews risk factors associated with HIV acquisition and STI infection, and discusses the recent interventions to address HIV and STI disparities in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities. The risk factors are organized by individual, partner, network, community, and structural levels, and the review is organized by biomedical, behavioral, and societal interventions. Although HIV and STIs are prevalent in global communities that are often overburdened and poorly resourced, the highest burden of HIV among GSM populations is found in North America and Western Europe. Although a complete review of the literature in this area is far too vast to fully summarize, there are key lessons to be learned from this review and other recent reports describing successes and challenges of addressing these epidemics among the LGBT community.