The lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community has recently gained more visibility and social acceptance than ever before. This chapter provides an overview of: (a) the current social and cultural climate for gender and sexual minority (GSM) populations; (b) the individual, systemic, and environmental barriers to health for GSM populations; and (c) recommendations for addressing these barriers. Although the previous barriers impact health in ways related more to social standing and lived experiences, other barriers to health are more direct. Such barriers to care for GSM individuals are multifactorial and can be divided into individual, system-based, and environmental factors. Social and cultural acceptance of the LGBT community has improved dramatically over the past decade. However, significant discrimination, stigmatization, and violence still occur for GSM individuals. This discrimination has even permeated the health system and the individuals who constitute it, leading to multiple disparities in health outcomes for GSM individuals.