Pathology and laboratory medicine can run the gamut of sample size with some entities in anatomic pathology. Breast cancer is very common, but phyllodes tumor represents less than 1 percentage of cancers. High-grade phyllodes tumor with necrosis is even more rare and calcifications are probably a consequence of necrosis from a pathway different from the calcifications typically seen in ductal carcinoma. Imputation is a powerful tool in many statistical approaches that allows us to put in values for missing variables based on the data. Sample size and power calculations are crucial components for both planning a study and reporting an actionable result. Sample size calculations are becoming an extremely common part of grant applications, which requires familiarity with them. More importantly, performing sample size calculations before collecting data and during the design of a study can insure that the results will be publishable regardless of effect size.