This chapter explores the implications of consciousness and human development on the adaptive information processing (AIP) model and the treatment principles that emerge from it. The AIP model is a neurobiological heuristic based on the concept of neural networks. It is a robust model that reflects the major aspects of neural mapping and information processing. It is configured to target memory, predictive cognition, and the affective nature of feelings and emotions. AIP denotes a paradigm shift away from psychological theory and toward neuroscientific theory. It thus serves as the theoretical foundation that explains and predicts the treatment effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. The AIP model asserts that EMDR mediates the accessing of dysfunctionally stored information, stimulating the inherent neural processing mechanisms through the standardized protocols and procedures (including the bilateral sensory stimulation), and facilitates the linking of the adaptive information held in the other memory networks.