This chapter presents the groundbreaking work of Sigmund Freud as a way to introduce a theory that has influenced the mental health field significantly and pervasively. Psychoanalysis is the term used by Freud to represent his therapeutic model, a model that focuses on the internal workings of the individual self. He views the internal workings of the mind, the psyche, as organized but dynamic. Essentially, the psyche is composed of three major sections: the conscious, the preconscious, and the unconscious. The primary role of the therapist, beyond providing an atmosphere for full exploration of the client’s history, is to help to strengthen the client’s ego. The main goals of psychoanalysis are ego self- knowledge and ego strength. There are several techniques associated with psychoanalysis and some of the techniques consistent with psychoanalysis are: the cathartic method, free association, facilitating and interpreting transference and dream interpretation.