The personal nature of discussions about sexual and reproductive health requires the recognition that populations are vulnerable to disparities in care related to implicit or unconscious bias. Always carefully and fully listen when patients share concerns about breast lumps or masses, even when the clinical level of suspicion is low. Advanced assessment includes a comprehensive, thorough, evidence-based history and physical examination. Tests to consider include Pap and human papillomavirus testing; sexually transmitted infections screening; wet prep; and breast, ovarian, endometrial, cervical, and colon cancer screening. For the woman who presents with reproductive or sexual health concerns, a sensitive, patient centered, detailed history will inform what physical exam needs to be done; more specifically, when breast and pelvic exams, vaginal or cervical inspection, are warranted. Understanding anatomy and physiology of the female genitourinary and reproductive systems, menstrual cycle, and reproductive life span are key to providing sexual and reproductive health guidance.