This chapter hopes to raise service providers’ knowledge by providing a framework for understanding immigration policies, with a focus on three particular newcomer populations: women, youth, and refugees. Understanding newcomer clients’ strengths as well as challenges, including legal immigration challenges, will allow providers to develop, in partnership with the client, a comprehensive action plan to move forward. The chapter provides a brief overview of key legal classifications in U.S. immigration law, such as definitions for undocumented, immigrant, and citizen. It focuses on women, youth, and refugees and their particular legal challenges as well as strengths. As refugees are a particularly vulnerable group, the chapter details the process for applying for refugee status and how service providers can support asylum seekers. It concludes with overall suggestions on cultural competency in serving newcomer communities.