Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a critical surgical procedure in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), a leading cause of mortality worldwide. This chapter helps the reader to learn how the heart is accessed during CABG surgery and what bypass conduits may be used and how they are harvested. To perform a traditional CABG, the patient must be placed on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The chapter briefly describes how the CPB machine works and what happens during the procedure. It also discusses the various other surgical techniques such as minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass, robotic or totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass, and transmyocardial revascularization. The chapter describes the potential complications after surgery. It offers insights into the role of CABG in contemporary cardiac care and its impact on patient outcomes.