Neurologic disorders in the pediatric population can include congenital, infectious, and genetic etiologies. Understanding the source of the specific neurologic condition will allow the practitioner to assess and manage the child efficiently. This chapter discusses common pediatric neurologic disorders by focusing on important subjective and objective findings, along with appropriate diagnosis, management, education, and referral for each specific disorder identified. Two common pediatric infectious neurologic disorders are meningitis and encephalitis. A number of noninfectious disorders of the neurologic system also affect children and adolescents. Children may experience chronic headaches or have breath-holding spells. Tics and Tourette syndrome may occur in children. A genetic mutation causes Rett syndrome in girls. Seizures are a consequence of neurologic or systemic disorders with structural, genetic, immune, metabolic, or infectious etiologies. Neurologic injuries occurring in children and adolescents (i.e., fractures, contusions, and concussions) can arise from various causes. Injuries can be incidental or accidental.