This chapter provides an overview of systems and practices that surround adoption and kinship triads. There may be temporal boundaries between these systems and the triads. For example, foster parents may transition into adoptive parents as they decide to provide permanent homes for children under their care. The chapter helps the reader to gain knowledge about identifying various situations that may emerge in foster care; for example, reunification with birth parents, multiple placements in foster homes, and legal adoption of children in foster care and describing the changes in adoption that are driven by technology, specifically, embryo donation and global commercial surrogacy. Human trafficking and the victimization of children and adolescents provide scenarios where the legal system and health care meet. In each situation, opportunities are presented for advanced practice nurses’ (APNs) to deliver humane, patient-centered, informed care.