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CHAPTER 5: Anxiety and Fear

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DOI:

10.1891/9780826120595.0005

Abstract

Anxiety is a feeling of general uneasiness and differs from fear. Fear is a specific response to a real or perceived immediate threat, while anxiety is more diffuse. Anxiety disorder is a term used for a group of disorders characterized by intense and/or persistent anxiety. These disorders include separation anxiety disorder, selective mutism, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), specific phobia (SP), panic disorder (PD), agoraphobia, anxiety secondary to medical condition, and substance-induced anxiety disorder. Risk factors for anxiety disorders include family history of anxiety disorders, chronic stress, emotional dysregulation, having other mental health disorders, and substance abuse. Common fears include: being a failure at school, bullies, intimidating teachers, spiders and snakes, being home alone, bad storms, illness, scary television shows and movies, and something bad happening to their parents. Parents and other caregivers can help reduce a child’s fears by communicating empathy and concern without being overprotective.