Springer Publishing Company was regrettably late in starting the publication of journals. Matt Fenton managed the production department, and responded to any small problem with instant help. The management of journal publishing is somewhat different from that of book publishing. In addition to the informational value of the contents and the financial income to the publisher, the journals bring repeated publicity about the publisher to readers. At the psychology convention of 1986 a small group of the authors gathered near our exhibit booth for no particular reason. Dr. Eisenberg provided good advice through the years on manuscripts suitable for our Series in Rehabilitation. The first nursing journal was established: Scholarly Inquiry in Nursing Practice. The readers of the journal were the readers of Springer nursing books, those who aspired to advancing the profession through research, education, or innovative practices.

The second decade of the young publishing company brought several changes that pointed to the future characteristic of Springer Publishing Company. While the 1950s were strong in medical titles, combined with some nursing and important psychology titles, during the second decade of the young company, a clear shift is noticeable: only 5 books on medical topics, 4 on veterinary topics, and 13 in psychology came out, but 20 new nursing books were published. Very little expenses for promotion were required as most of the customers were subscribers and agricultural machinery and equipment dealers who sold the books to their farmer customers. Books on leadership techniques, on clinical teaching, were joined by such titles as The Nurse and Her Problem Patient by Gertrude Ujhely, Perspectives on Clinical Teaching by Dorothy Smith, New Directions for Nurses and Issues in Nursing by Bonnie Bullough, and more on similar levels.

During the 1960s Bernhard had some connections with British publishers. When traveling to Europe he would stop in London to visit Heinemann a prestigious publisher of medical, nursing, and psychology books. The author intended to expand Springer Publishing activities into the international sphere. The author decided the first step was finding expert guidance. They did arrange some international sales of their books. Many appointments with distributors and foreign editors buying translation rights were regular events year after year. Much food and wine were offered in informal self-service style, crowded with few chairs to rest on, so people milled around, and meeting other people of interest was quite easy. Igaku Shoin took many of their nursing books for publication in Japanese editions. Their sales were surprisingly low. Although leading European professionals in gerontology, psychology, and health care were well informed on American advances and publications in these fields.

In the mid-1970s, aging became a popular, even a fashionable topic. Professors made efforts to add gerontology to their teaching competence. And many colleges introduced courses in gerontology, or courses on aging-related aspects within the fields of psychology, sociology, psychiatry, public health, and nursing. Jack Bot-winick published in 1973 his textbook Aging and Behavior, with a new edition in 1978 and a third one in 1984. For the planning of future volumes the board had regular meetings held at the annual conventions of the Gerontological Society of America (G.S.A.), usually one of the mornings. This project lived and continues through 28 years and brought much prestige, good new authors, and some money to Springer. The large field was subdivided into its disciplines: psychology, psychiatry, medicine, nursing, public health, social work; and the expert board members were asked to assemble lists of terms that should form the body of the encyclopedia.

Psychology is Springer’s oldest field of publishing; it gained prominence for books and tests from authors like Silvan Tomkins and other scholars published by Bernhard Springer. Among the psychology books in the 1970s still based on his publishing or signed contracts were the “social problems” titles with the addition of several new books on Abortion, Suicide, Birth Control, The Unmarried Fathers, and The Right to Treatment. The series “Behavior Therapy and Behavior Modification” produced a number of interesting and successful books in burgeoning field of psychotherapy. It is remarkable that series topical coverage, such as eating and weight disorders. Applying psychological insight and training to alleviate human problems inspired many professionals and led to Springer books. Counseling as a profession and a field resembles psychotherapy, especially behavior modification. Another successful text published first in 1980 bridges the fields of public health, counseling, and aging: The Aging Network by Donald Gelfand.

The author began her community nursing career as a Health Visitor in a low-income multicultural area of London. In 1976, she took off to Thailand with an English nongovernmental organization (NGO) as part of a four-person medical team to establish health services in a Laotian refugee camp. While she struggled with microbiology and immunology, her training as a health visitor put her far ahead of her medical colleagues in such areas as community health, teaching, and psychology. When the Ministry of Health (MOH) requested a WHO nursing consultant to develop a Primary Health Care (PHC) focused Public Health Nurse training, she immediately got involved. She was determined that urban nurses would never again look down on rural patients and would tailor their preparation for discharge to the conditions to which their patients returned. The community health module was strengthened to better address the issue of rising non-communicable disease rates.

Pediatric obesity is a growing problem worldwide. Both the incidence and prevalence of overweight and obese children have increased. Advanced practice nurses (APNs) should realize that one must address weight at an early age. Pediatric obesity affects children and adolescents and is a serious condition that must be addressed. It is determined when the child is above his or her weight for the appropriate age and height. Risk factors that increase a child’s likelihood of becoming overweight and/or obese can include any of the following: diet, lack of exercise, psychological factors, family history or family factors, or socioeconomic factors. Children who suffer with weight gain should engage in physical activity. Parental instruction and family activity time are also helpful. With a child and family involved, family counseling may be beneficial to all. The provider must establish an early relationship with the patient and family and work to gain trust.

This chapter describes the problem of missing children along with its assessment; diagnosis; levels of prevention/intervention; primary, secondary, and tertiary strategies for dealing with the behavior; and parenting tips. Children, especially children with autism, may wander, while others may run away, become lost in unfamiliar places or during disasters, or be abducted. Most missing children leave of their own accord, usually because of an adverse family situation; others are thrown out of their families, and many of these are not reported. About one third of this group runs away from foster care. When these children are gone for prolonged periods of time, they become at risk for medical and psychological problems, as well as crime as they may be subjected to human trafficking and drug trafficking. Children may also be abducted by neighbors and other acquaintances. Most nonfamily abductors are male, and most victims are female.

Hope is a concept that has been applied and investigated by many disciplines, including philosophy, theology, anthropology, psychology, psychiatry, sociology, and nursing. Significantly, there is no concept analysis of hope in relation to mental health recovery where recovery is defined as the fulfilment of a meaningful life and a positive sense of identity founded on hope and self-determination. Long before the advent of the recovery approach to care, Menninger, a psychiatrist, emphasized the pragmatic relational capacity of the hope of health care professionals to increase the hope of others. However, it was not until the 1970s onward that the influence of nursing on the development of hope theory became significant. Hope is a dynamic developmental personality trait which enables the possible through cognitive goal-directed processes of pathways and agency, where levels are influenced through attribution of meaning and interrelational processes.

This chapter focuses on frameworks useful for understanding an individual’s health status and appreciating a wide range of factors that contribute to health and illness. Nursing is one of the many professions that conduct research, theorize, and use concepts related to health and illness. The frameworks presented here, although frequently used by nurses, have been influenced by fields of study as diverse as physics, humanistic psychology, and physiology. In theory development, the integration of knowledge from diverse fields is important for capturing the complex aspects of health and illness. In research and clinical practice, the nurse needs to consider the individual’s environment and the barriers and facilitators to achieve health and take healthy actions. The frameworks in this chapter provide an understanding of the concepts of health and illness and provide guidance and structure needed for engaging in healthy actions and interventions.