The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of childhood and adolescent mental health problems. Prevalence, risk factors, and protective factors are examined. The need for school-based mental health services is explored and potential benefits of implementing such programs are discussed. The role of school psychologists as mental health providers is addressed. The chapter also compares the use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), in diagnosing mental health disorders in the medical/clinical field and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) to determine eligibility as a student with a disability in schools.

Individuals from culturally and erotically marginalized communities seek EMDR Therapy. It is helpful to have some basic education and information about the many different types of folks who may seek therapy. Although this chapter is not able to cover the breadth and depth of marginalized populations, this chapter provides basic information and EMDR Therapy considerations regarding the sexual health of people with physical and/or intellectual disabilities. This chapter also shares information about erotically marginalized clients that may engage in kink/BDSM, fetishes, and/or paraphilias. Current Information about sex work is shared. Lastly, a brief section on encountering clients that report sex offending is included. EMDR Therapy case studies are provided to illustrate the intersection of sexual health regarding a physical disability, kink/BDSM, sex work, and a sex offender.

People with disabilities are one of the most stigmatized and marginalized groups in the United States. Traditionally, rehabilitation counselors use a supply-side employment approach to provide employment services for people with disabilities, with a focus on medical, psychological, social, educational, and vocational services to improve functioning, stamina, and job skills of people with disabilities. Demand-side employment, on the other hand, has a focus on workplace culture and disability inclusion practices (and the interaction of employer demands and the environment [e.g., the job economy]) as predictors of high-quality employment outcomes for people with disabilities. This chapter reviews the literature related to demand-side employment approaches to create employment opportunities and improve the quality of employment for people with disabilities. It also discusses employers’ perceptions about hiring people with disabilities. The chapter concludes with a discussion of effective disability inclusion policies, procedures, and practices that increase employment opportunities and quality of employment for people with disabilities.

This chapter provides an overview of the salient psychosocial aspects of chronic illness and disability. It reviews the models of chronic illness and disability; psychosocial, environmental, and attitudinal aspects of chronic illness and disability; culture, chronic illness, and disability; adjustment to disability models and concepts; and sexuality, gender identity, chronic illness, and disability. In addition, the chapter provides readers with an in-depth review of specific psychological constructs relevant to living with a chronic illness and disability as well as social factors that encompass a wide array of interpersonal, environmental, and attitudinal factors, such as social support, access, accommodations, and ableism. The chapter also discusses how culture influences the experience of living with chronic illness and disability, reminding readers to consider the individual’s cultural factors and the impact of both their culture and Western culture on their experience.

Rehabilitation counselors have long played a central role in helping persons with disabilities achieve their independent living and employment goals. Although the profession of rehabilitation counseling evolved from the state-federal vocational rehabilitation (VR) program, the professional practice of rehabilitation counseling is no longer restricted to state VR agencies. This chapter helps the reader understand rehabilitation and the impact of related legislation on rehabilitation counseling practices and the inclusion and participation of people with disabilities. The chapter explains the evolution of rehabilitation counseling and professional issues related to the profession, including certification and licensure. The chapter also provides the basic principles of ethics, ethical behavior, and risk management related to the professional practice of rehabilitation counseling.

This chapter describes aging with respect to people with acquired versus congenital disability. There is an emphasis on people with lifelong developmental disability, including intellectual disabilities, Down syndrome, and cerebral palsy. General aging issues for this population are described, and then specific aging issues that are more prevalent and problematic are identified. The need for more vigilant health promotion and education is discussed.

In this chapter, we review unique career and college readiness considerations related to a variety of subpopulations of students. We share career and college-related statistics and focus on identifying personal and systemic barriers and inequities that students from these diverse populations might encounter. Finally, we offer suggestions for how to identify, advocate for, and address the unique career and college readiness needs of diverse students.