This book provides a concise and practical resource to assist in real-time, clinical decision making for managing lung cancer. The first two chapters deal with epidemiology and etiology of lung cancer, lung carcinogenesis, lung cancer genetics, epigenetics, and tumor microenvironment. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) is associated with a 20% to 40% increase in lung cancer risk. The third chapter provides an overview of several of the driver oncogenes that are important in the pathogenesis of non–small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and have emerged as targets for therapeutic approaches. The advent of molecular profiling and targeted therapy renewed interest in the distinguishing between the major subtypes of NSCLC: adenocarcinoma (ADC), squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) and large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC). The fourth and fifth chapters deal with screening and diagonosis of lung cancer. This is followed by four chapters which describe the management of early stage, locally advanced stage, advanced stage, and recurrent NSCLC, and their respective treatment therapies such as video-assisted thoracic surgery, robotic-assisted thoracic surgery, sequential induction chemotherapy, necitumumab, maintenance therapy, and sequential single-agent therapy. Chapters 10 and 11 discuss the management of limited-stage and extensive-stage small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and the treatment therapies. Lung cancer is a disease of the elderly, and accordingly chapter 13 covers the management of elderly and high-risk patients suffering from this disease. This is followed by a focus on the management of neuroendocrine tumors (NET), pleural mesothelioma, and thymic tumors. The book ends with a discussion on palliative care in thoracic oncology.