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Your search for all content returned 2,921 results

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  • Sexual Teen Dating Violence Victimization: Associations With Sexual Risk Behaviors Among U.S. High School StudentsGo to article: Sexual Teen Dating Violence Victimization: Associations With Sexual Risk Behaviors Among U.S. High School Students

    Sexual Teen Dating Violence Victimization: Associations With Sexual Risk Behaviors Among U.S. High School Students

    Article

    Adolescent dating violence may lead to adverse health behaviors. We examined associations between sexual teen dating violence victimization (TDVV) and sexual risk behaviors among U.S. high school students using 2013 and 2015 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey data (combined n = 29,346). Sex-stratified logistic regression models were used to estimate these associations among students who had dated or gone out with someone during the past 12 months (n = 20,093). Among these students, 10.5% experienced sexual TDVV. Sexual TDVV was positively associated with sexual intercourse before age 13, four or more lifetime sexual partners, current sexual activity, alcohol or drug use before last sexual intercourse, and no pregnancy prevention during last sexual intercourse. Given significant findings among both sexes, it is valuable for dating violence prevention efforts to target both female and male students.

    Source:
    Violence and Victims
  • Utilisation de la technique éclair dans la thérapie EMDR : quatre exemples de casGo to article: Utilisation de la technique éclair dans la thérapie EMDR : quatre exemples de cas

    Utilisation de la technique éclair dans la thérapie EMDR : quatre exemples de cas

    Article

    Cet article présente la technique éclair, une nouvelle technique utilisée pendant la phase de préparation de la thérapie EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) pour faciliter le traitement de souvenirs traumatiques intenses auxquels les patients hésiteraient autrement à accéder. Les premières données, demeurant à confirmer, suggèrent que cette technique pourrait permettre aux patients d’accéder à ces souvenirs d’abord de manière la moins perturbante possible, réduisant leur intensité émotionnelle, afin de pouvoir ensuite les aborder plus pleinement et les traiter à l’aide de la thérapie EMDR. La technique semble aisément tolérée par les patients de tous âges, y compris les enfants ; elle paraît rapide et relativement indolore pour les patients, même ceux qui possèdent des souvenirs cibles particulièrement perturbants ; elle s’enseigne facilement aux cliniciens. Elle se distingue par le fait que les patients qui évitent un souvenir terriblement perturbant peuvent se voir offrir une façon de le traiter sans devoir le ramener clairement à l’esprit. Quatre exemples de cas, dans lesquels quatre cliniciens différents ont utilisé la technique, sont présentés brièvement. Des suggestions sont formulées pour des études à venir. Cet article présente des hypothèses pour expliquer divers mécanismes d’action et évoque les effets en termes de la théorie de reconsolidation mnésique.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Randomized Controlled Trial: Self-Care Traumatic Episode Protocol, Computerized EMDR Treatment of COVID-19-Related StressGo to article: Randomized Controlled Trial: Self-Care Traumatic Episode Protocol, Computerized EMDR Treatment of COVID-19-Related Stress

    Randomized Controlled Trial: Self-Care Traumatic Episode Protocol, Computerized EMDR Treatment of COVID-19-Related Stress

    Article

    Healthcare workers and mental health clinicians are at heightened risk for mental health issues while they support their communities during the COVID-19 pandemic, and early psychological intervention is crucial to protect them. The Self-Care Traumatic Episode Protocol (STEP) is a computerized intervention adapted from the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Group Traumatic Episode Protocol (EMDR G-TEP). This study evaluated the effectiveness of STEP for mental health clinicians in the context of COVID-19. Thirty-four mental health clinicians were randomly allocated to treatment (n = 17) or waitlist (n = 17). The Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) were completed by the treatment group at baseline and 1-week follow-up postintervention and by the waitlist group at baseline, preintervention, and 1-week follow-up postintervention. Pre–post comparisons showed a significant decrease in depression, anxiety, and stress for Immediate Treatment, t(15) = −3.64, p < .01, d = .73, and for Delayed Treatment, t(15) = −3.53, p < .01, d = .68, There was also a significant increase in general self-efficacy for Immediate Treatment, t(15) = 2.87, p < .05, d = .46, and Delayed Treatment, t(15) = 3.72, p < .01, d = .56. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) indicated that STEP may be effective in increasing general self-efficacy and reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among mental health clinicians in the context of COVID-19. Further research investigating the potential of utilizing the STEP intervention on a larger scale and with other populations is needed.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing for Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Narrative ReviewGo to article: Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing for Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Narrative Review

    Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing for Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Narrative Review

    Article

    There is currently a limited number of studies into the efficacy of eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) therapy with children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study utilizes a systematic narrative review of methodologies and findings of previous literature reviews and meta-analyses as well as analyzing randomized control trials (RCTs) conducted from 2002 to 2018. Following initial scoping of the extent of studies, two systematic literature searches were conducted, firstly for literature reviews and secondly for recent RCTs. Nine databases were utilized. Eight reviews and seven RCTs were identified and analyzed for quality of methodology and outcome as measured by impact on PTSD symptoms. EMDR was found to be efficacious in reducing children's PTSD symptoms compared to waitlist conditions, with similar outcomes to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). EMDR was effective with both single-event trauma as well as cumulative trauma such as sexual abuse. EMDR was equally effective with girls and boys as well as children from different cultures. EMDR achieved medium to large effect sizes. Reductions in PTSD were maintained at 2-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. In conclusion, EMDR was consistently found to be an efficacious treatment for children with PTSD. Recommendations are made for future practice and research.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Efficacy of EMDR Therapy on the Pain Intensity and Subjective Distress of Cancer PatientsGo to article: Efficacy of EMDR Therapy on the Pain Intensity and Subjective Distress of Cancer Patients

    Efficacy of EMDR Therapy on the Pain Intensity and Subjective Distress of Cancer Patients

    Article

    The present study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in treating pain and subjective distress of patients with cancer. A randomized controlled trial was performed on patients with cancer suffering from moderate to severe cancer pain in Yasuj, Iran, in 2019 and 2020. Sixty patients aged 30–60 years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected using a consensus sampling technique. Patients were randomly assigned to EMDR therapy or control groups based on random block allocation. EMDR therapy was administered in six to eight daily 1-hour sessions. The control group received the standard treatment provided by the hospital. A Numeric Pain-Rating Scale (NRS) and the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS) were used to assess pain and subjective distress before and after the intervention in each session. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and independent t test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The mean pain intensity and subjective distress score in the experimental group before and after the EMDR intervention were significantly reduced (p < .001). In the control group, no decreases in NRS and SUDS scores occurred at any time (p > .05). Differences in pain scores between the groups were statistically significant (p < .001). EMDR can effectively and sustainably reduce the pain and subjective distress experienced by patients with cancer. Thus, EMDR is a recommended therapeutic option to mitigate pain and subjective distress among patients with cancer.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Psychosis: An Emerging Field for EMDR Research and TherapyGo to article: Psychosis: An Emerging Field for EMDR Research and Therapy

    Psychosis: An Emerging Field for EMDR Research and Therapy

    Article

    It has only been in this last decade that trauma-focused treatments (TFT) have been studied in patients with psychotic disorders. Before, the paradigm stated that TFT was contraindicated in these patients because clinicians and researchers assumed the risk of exacerbation of symptoms was too high. The purpose of this article is to examine the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the treatment of psychosis. To this end, we will present a brief narrative review of the current state of research in this particular field. The results suggest that, contrary to the “no-TFT-in-psychosis” paradigm, TFTs such as EMDR therapy can successfully be used to reduce trauma-related symptoms in patients with psychosis. Moreover, there are now provisional indications that psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations can be targeted directly and indirectly using EMDR therapy.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • EMDR Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Three CasesGo to article: EMDR Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Three Cases

    EMDR Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Three Cases

    Article

    This article reports on the first 3 randomly allocated cases treated by the author in an ongoing trial comparing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with cognitive behavioral therapy (exposure and response prevention) in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in a U.K. primary care setting. This article describes the treatment and data collection procedures, followed by a summary of each of the 3 cases supported by quantitative and qualitative data. The Adapted EMDR Phobia Protocol (Marr, 2012) was provided, following the trial protocol of 1-hour, 16-session treatment. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was administered at every 4th session. At posttreatment, 2 of the 3 cases showed more than a 50% reduction on validated psychometric measures, with symptoms below diagnostic cutoff. The final case started treatment below the diagnostic cutoff on the primary outcome measure and showed a slight improvement. Six-month follow-up data showed maintenance of treatment effects. Transcripts from a semistructured telephone interview carried out by an independent researcher following treatment were analyzed using a 6-stage thematic analysis method, which identified 3 themes: the role of traumatic experiences, role of shame, and importance of therapeutic alliance. This article concludes with a discussion of implications for EMDR practice and theory.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • The Effect of EMDR Versus Guided Imagery on Insomnia Severity in Patients With Rheumatoid ArthritisGo to article: The Effect of EMDR Versus Guided Imagery on Insomnia Severity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

    The Effect of EMDR Versus Guided Imagery on Insomnia Severity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

    Article

    This study compared the effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy versus guided imagery on insomnia severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this randomized controlled trial, 75 patients with RA were selected via convenience sampling before using block randomization to assign patients into three groups comprised of (a) six sessions of EMDR, (b) six sessions of guided imagery, and (c) a control group. The Persian version of the Insomnia Severity Index was implemented at preintervention and 2 weeks' postintervention as the outcome measure. The EMDR group obtained respective pre-and postintervention mean scores of 23.5 ± 5.2 and 11±2.1, whereas the guided imagery group obtained scores of 24 ± 3 and 15.3 ± 2.3, and the control group obtained scores of 24.2 ± 3.3 and 23.6 ± 3. Pairwise comparisons showed statistically significant differences in insomnia severity between patients from each group, with the EMDR group experiencing a greater reduction in insomnia severity than guided imagery. EMDR and guided imagery were both effective in reducing insomnia severity in RA patients, although the degree of insomnia reduction for patients from the EMDR group was greater than that of the guided imagery group.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Exploring Therapists' Experiences of Applying EMDR Therapy With Clients Experiencing PsychosisGo to article: Exploring Therapists' Experiences of Applying EMDR Therapy With Clients Experiencing Psychosis

    Exploring Therapists' Experiences of Applying EMDR Therapy With Clients Experiencing Psychosis

    Article

    Little is known of the usability of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as an intervention for those experiencing psychosis. This study aimed to explore therapists' experience of using EMDR with this population. A qualitative design was employed using an inductive approach and a thematic analysis. Twenty therapists, who had used EMDR with this client group, took part in a semi-structured interview to explore their experiences of the intervention. Key themes were generated from the data: (a) familiarity with psychosis and EMDR, (b) acceptability of EMDR, (c) the importance of systemic factors, and (d) keeping key therapy principles in mind. Findings highlighted the importance of supervision to build therapist confidence, the value of the multidisciplinary team, and the need for a shift in beliefs surrounding the usefulness of EMDR to the wider system. Recommendations for individuals and services are provided.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • EMDR Versus Treatment-as-Usual in Patients With Chronic Non-Malignant Pain: A Randomized Controlled Pilot StudyGo to article: EMDR Versus Treatment-as-Usual in Patients With Chronic Non-Malignant Pain: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

    EMDR Versus Treatment-as-Usual in Patients With Chronic Non-Malignant Pain: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

    Article

    In recent years, different studies have observed a strong association between chronic pain (CP) and psychological trauma. Therefore, a trauma-focused psychotherapy, such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), could be an innovative treatment option. The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether a specific EMDR protocol for CP leads to (a) a reduction in pain intensity, (b) an improvement in anxiety and depressive symptoms, and (c) an improvement in quality of life. 28 CP patients were randomly assigned to EMDR + treatment as usual (TAU; n = 14) or to TAU alone (n = 14). Patients in the EMDR group received 12 psychotherapeutic sessions of 90 minutes over 3 months. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale and the Pain Disability index, quality of life using the EQ-5D-5L, and anxiety and depressive symptoms using the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale. Measures were taken for both conditions at pre- and post-treatment, and a follow-up in the EMDR condition was taken at 3 months post-treatment. Patients in the EMDR group showed significantly reduced pain intensity and improved quality of life and anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to TAU alone at post-treatment. Improvements were largely maintained at 3-month follow-up. This study suggests that EMDR may be an effective and safe psychological intervention to be used within the multidisciplinary treatment plan of patients with CP.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Evidence of the Efficacy of EMDR With Children and Adolescents in Individual Psychotherapy: A Review of the Research Published in Peer-Reviewed JournalsGo to article: Evidence of the Efficacy of EMDR With Children and Adolescents in Individual Psychotherapy: A Review of the Research Published in Peer-Reviewed Journals

    Evidence of the Efficacy of EMDR With Children and Adolescents in Individual Psychotherapy: A Review of the Research Published in Peer-Reviewed Journals

    Article

    Research on psychotherapy with children is generally underrepresented in the empirical literature. Currently, there are four randomized clinical trials (RCT) evaluating EMDR in individual psychotherapy with traumatized children—two for children diagnosed with PTSD and two for children presenting with symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Since the first case studies of EMDR with children were published in 1993, 19 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria for this review. The gold standards identified by Foa and Meadows (1997) to assess the methodology of studies designed to treat trauma were applied to the research on EMDR with children. This analysis discusses the challenges to conducting research on psychotherapy with children including the debate regarding the assessment and diagnosis of PTSD in children. Recommendations for future studies designed with methodological rigor are suggested to investigate the efficacy of EMDR with children who have experienced trauma and other mental health symptoms and diagnoses.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • EditorialGo to article: Editorial

    Editorial

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • The Effects of the EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol With Cancer SurvivorsGo to article: The Effects of the EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol With Cancer Survivors

    The Effects of the EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol With Cancer Survivors

    Article

    The purpose of this pre-experimental case study was to explore the efficacy and safety of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Group Traumatic Episode Protocol (G-TEP) in the psychological treatment of cancer survivors and its potential effects on posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 35) were patients with various types of cancer, in different stages, initial or recurring, with diagnosis or oncology treatment received within the past year. Following an individual psychoeducational intake session, participants received two 90-minute EMDR G-TEP sessions, administered on consecutive days. They were randomly assigned to a treatment group or a delayed treatment group. Assessments were administered at pre, post, and follow-up using the Short PostTraumatic Stress Disorder Interview (SPRINT), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Repeated measures comparisons of PTSD symptoms, anxiety, and depression revealed significant differences between pretest and posttest, with most results maintained at follow-up. Pre-follow-up effect sizes showed medium effects. These promising results suggest the value in providing a lengthier course of treatment. They support the need for research with large sample, randomized clinical trials to examine the viability of providing EMDR G-TEP in the psychological treatment of cancer survivors. No serious adverse effects were reported and we conclude that the EMDR G-TEP may be effective and safe in the psychological treatment of an oncology population.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Efectos Neuropsicológicos y Fisiológicos de la Terapia EMDR en una Mujer con Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático: Un Caso de EstudioGo to article: Efectos Neuropsicológicos y Fisiológicos de la Terapia EMDR en una Mujer con Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático: Un Caso de Estudio

    Efectos Neuropsicológicos y Fisiológicos de la Terapia EMDR en una Mujer con Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático: Un Caso de Estudio

    Article

    Este artículo presenta una revisión completa de literatura acerca del impacto neurocognitivo del trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT) e informa acerca de un caso de estudio único cuantitativo, el cual investigó si la terapia de reprocesamiento y desensibilización a través del movimiento ocular (EMDR por sus siglas en inglés) cambiaría las respuestas neuropsicológicas y fisiológicas de una paciente de 18 años de edad de sexo femenino diagnosticada con TEPT comórbido y trastorno depresivo mayor. Se proporcionaron once sesiones de terapia EMDR, de 90 minutos cada una, administradas una vez a la semana. Utilizamos equipo de bioretroalimentación (Equipo Infiniti-ProComp5) para obtener registros de frecuencia cardiaca y conductividad de la piel mientras que la paciente estaba en fases de reprocesamiento de la terapia EMDR. Los resultados mostraron una disminución de ritmo cardiaco entre las bases de referencia del principio y fin del tratamiento. Las evaluaciones neuropsicológicas de atención, memoria y las funciones ejecutivas del cerebro mostraron deficiencias de pre-tratamiento en los procesos de atención, velocidad de procesamiento de información y memoria de trabajo, así como mejora en el post-tratamiento de estas funciones cognitivas con diferencias significativas en la Prueba de Adición del Ritmo de Serie Auditiva (PASAT, siglas en inglés). Encontramos una disminución importante pos-tratamiento en los puntajes promedio del Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II y en la Escala de Experiencias Disociativas. Además, la paciente no mostró signos de TEPT después de la intervención basado en la Escala Global de Estrés Postraumático. Discutimos como la mejora de los síntomas de TEPT está asociada con los resultados neurocognitivos mejorados.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Continuing the MissionGo to article: Continuing the Mission

    Continuing the Mission

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Brave New Psychiatry and the Idealization of Nonplaces: A Critical Discourse AnalysisGo to article: Brave New Psychiatry and the Idealization of Nonplaces: A Critical Discourse Analysis

    Brave New Psychiatry and the Idealization of Nonplaces: A Critical Discourse Analysis

    Article

    In this article, a document presenting a planned psychiatric building in Sweden was analyzed using critical discourse analysis. Focus was on how biomedical perspectives, administration, logistics, and efficiency is materialized in the building. The building is planned without personal consulting rooms or office places. Text and images were understood with reference to Augé's concept of nonplaces; places that are void of meaning. Outpatient practice is portrayed as equal, neglecting power imbalances, diversity, and context. Clinicians and clients are expected to be in transit in an environment centered on transparency and technology, enabling surveillance and control. Encounters and dialogues are never mentioned, while electroconvulsive therapy has its own place both in the document and in the building. Technology is central and presented as necessary for future needs. The idea that current psychiatry represents a story of constant progress, providing precise diagnosis and effective treatment is materialized in the building.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • The Ethics of Persuasive Design in Technology Used by Children and AdolescentsGo to article: The Ethics of Persuasive Design in Technology Used by Children and Adolescents

    The Ethics of Persuasive Design in Technology Used by Children and Adolescents

    Article

    Persuasive design, the use of behavioral psychology in digital devices and applications to alter human behavior, is employed in entertainment and educational technologies that occupy a great proportion of the lives of children and adolescents. A primary purpose of persuasive design is to increase the time spent using social media, video game, and other entertainment technologies in order to increase business revenue. This adds to children's and adolescents' health risks, as excessive recreational screen time has been associated with both physical (sleep, weight) and mental health (depression, anxiety, compulsive use, and inattention) issues for children and adolescents. Given the potential for negative health outcomes, it is necessary for the field of psychology to acknowledge, educate, and take action against the use of persuasive design in platforms typically used by children and adolescents.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Book ReviewsGo to article: Book Reviews

    Book Reviews

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Perception of Ethical Issues Among the Law Enforcement and Firefighter Psychologists From RomaniaGo to article: Perception of Ethical Issues Among the Law Enforcement and Firefighter Psychologists From Romania

    Perception of Ethical Issues Among the Law Enforcement and Firefighter Psychologists From Romania

    Article

    Ethical psychological practice is essential for beneficiaries’ protection and welfare. This survey research addressed a specific issue, namely compliance with and beliefs about ethical principles and standards of psychologists from the Romanian national law enforcement and firefighting organizations. A total of 140 psychologists, 60.08% of target group members, rated frequency and ethical character of 139 ethically questionable behaviors. Several positive ethical elements were found as lack of almost universal behaviors and many rare behaviors (46.04%). Among the ethical problems found were counted: behaviors and beliefs related to the involvement in ethical practice promotion among psychologists and to the interaction with coordinating and homologous psychologists in the professional or ethical impasse situations. The highest quality ratings of resources for ethical practice guiding and training were made for Code of Deontology and the lowest for legal cases. Several solutions were proposed to improve ethical professional awareness and practice of target group members. The present research showed the difficulty of finding benchmarks to interpret results of an ethical research and the need to approach ethical issues not only from the quantitative view but also from qualitative and/or transcultural view.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Book ReviewGo to article: Book Review

    Book Review

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Creating an Onion: Alternatives to BiopsychiatryGo to article: Creating an Onion: Alternatives to Biopsychiatry

    Creating an Onion: Alternatives to Biopsychiatry

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • School Bullying Case Law: Frequency and Outcomes for School Level, Protected Status, and Bullying ActionsGo to article: School Bullying Case Law: Frequency and Outcomes for School Level, Protected Status, and Bullying Actions

    School Bullying Case Law: Frequency and Outcomes for School Level, Protected Status, and Bullying Actions

    Article

    Purpose: During the past decade, concern with student bullying incidents has increased. When schools do not halt bullying, victims increasingly choose litigation as a remedy. Although the professional literature identifies the pertinent factors associated with bullying victimization, the available legal analyses have not kept pace. To identify focus areas for preventing bullying litigation, this study quantifies the frequency and outcomes for bullying cases disaggregated by the victims’ school level, protected status classification, and types of bullying actions. Methodology: We analyzed the 239 student bullying court decisions for the 20-year period 1995–2014, identifying the outcomes for each specific legal claim as well as each victim’s school level, protected status classification, and the types of bullying actions. Outcomes were conclusive if the plaintiff or defendant decisively prevailed and inconclusive if additional legal action was required for resolution. The analysis identified the most plaintiff-favorable outcome for each case and disaggregated by these three variables. Findings: The frequency of bullying cases was highest among middle school students, students asserting gender-based claims, and students experiencing both verbal and physical bullying actions. Conclusive outcomes strongly favored district defendants. Conversely, claims based on perceived sexual orientation resulted in the highest rates of inconclusive outcomes. Implications: The pro-district outcomes skew suggests that school administrators should focus on bullying prevention as a matter of educational effectiveness. To the extent that legal defensibility is a significant factor, education leaders should focus their efforts on reducing bullying of middle school students and students displaying gender nonconformity.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Is Teaching International Ethics Codes Important for Psychology Graduate Students?Go to article: Is Teaching International Ethics Codes Important for Psychology Graduate Students?

    Is Teaching International Ethics Codes Important for Psychology Graduate Students?

    Article

    Ethical training is a critical element of graduate education in Psychology. The importance of acculturation to the ethical guidelines of the profession cannot be minimized. Simultaneously, in North America at least, sensitivity to diversity is an important directive in our education of future clinicians. Consequently, it makes sense that understanding international Psychology ethics codes would be advantageous, to at least highlight the cultural context and relativity of ethics codes in general. Professors in Canada and the United States who teach ethics in their respective graduate schools were surveyed about their teaching of such codes and their opinions on the matter. Differences were found between Canada and the United States, although low response rates were noteworthy. The response data is examined qualitatively. Possible explanations for these findings include the possibility that teaching international ethics codes is seen as of limited importance or the use of online questionnaires is not optimal for such endeavors.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Book ReviewsGo to article: Book Reviews

    Book Reviews

    Article
    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Thérapie EMDR et psycho-oncologie : un pont entre le corps et l'espritGo to article: Thérapie EMDR et psycho-oncologie : un pont entre le corps et l'esprit

    Thérapie EMDR et psycho-oncologie : un pont entre le corps et l'esprit

    Article

    Parmi les maladies potentiellement mortelles, le cancer est l'une des plus traumatisantes et des plus génératrices de détresse. Il impacte le sens même de l'identité de l'individu et perturbe chez lui des caractéristiques essentielles, en rapport direct avec la conscience de soi et le caractère unique de la personne. Il attaque l'intégrité physique des patients, amenant la question de la mort au premier plan, et peut mettre en cause directement leur sentiment d'appartenance aux micro- et macro-systèmes sociaux autour d'eux. Cet article souligne l'importance de comprendre que souffrance psychologique et douleur physique sont étroitement interconnectées et, dans le contexte de la psycho-oncologie, propose une perspective clinique basée sur l'approche de désensibilisation et de retraitement par les mouvements oculaires (EMDR), approche pour laquelle l'événement qu'est le cancer est inscrit dans l'histoire de vie du patient. L'EMDR est une approche thérapeutique fondée sur le modèle du traitement adaptatif de l'information (TAI). Le modèle TAI postule que la psychopathologie apparaît quand des expériences non traitées sont enregistrées dans leur propre réseau neuronal et se trouvent dans l'impossibilité de se connecter à d'autres réseaux plus adaptatifs. Dans cette perspective, on suppose que le noyau de la souffrance clinique est enchâssé dans ces souvenirs qui demeurent en suspens de façon dysfonctionnelle. Selon des articles scientifiques récents que nous présentons dans cet article, il semble que les traumas du passé et les traumas liés au cancer entretiennent un cercle vicieux entre la santé psychologique et physique de l'individu, et l'objectif de la thérapie EMDR est de briser ce cercle. De récentes recherches scientifiques avancent l'hypothèse que le thérapie EMDR est efficace au niveau psychologique comme au niveau physique. Cependant, à cause de l'hétérogénéité générale des protocoles de recherche, les résultats rapportés dans cet article soulignent la nécessité de mener d'autres recherches contrôlées afin de permettre une analyse plus complète.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Mental Health Screening in Schools: Essentials of Informed ConsentGo to article: Mental Health Screening in Schools: Essentials of Informed Consent

    Mental Health Screening in Schools: Essentials of Informed Consent

    Article

    Increasing numbers of public schools are adopting the use of mental health screening programs for the purpose of identifying suicidality or psychiatric conditions in children and teens. Concerned observers maintain that these programs commonly violate the requirements of federal law, because they fail to provide properly informed consent for evaluation and special services. This article presents a critical analysis of the requirements of informed consent in education, discusses the problems of consensus, and offers basic facts that might be communicated by pertinent authorities in order to facilitate state compliance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • The Ethics of Neglecting Clinical Relationship and Alliance Building in Trauma-Focused TreatmentsGo to article: The Ethics of Neglecting Clinical Relationship and Alliance Building in Trauma-Focused Treatments

    The Ethics of Neglecting Clinical Relationship and Alliance Building in Trauma-Focused Treatments

    Article

    The American Psychological Association Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; APA, 2017) privileges two trauma-focused treatments (TFTs)—Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) and Prolonged Exposure (PE)—on scientific grounds, without considering the ethical issues posed by these treatments being relatively nonrelational and nonalliance building in nature. Fidelity to treatment protocol over clinical relationship building and alliance formation and maintenance can slot practitioners into an “I-it” therapeutic stance, depriving clients of real engagement and leaving them feeling objectified as standard cases of PTSD whose symptoms need to be tracked and managed. The high drop-out and failure to initiate treatment rates associated with TFTs ought to raise concerns about how their technique-heavy, protocol-driven methods, alienate practitioners, and the traumatized clients they serve.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Book ReviewsThe Whores of the Court: The Fraud of Psychiatric Testimony and the Rape of JusticeThe Last Normal Child: Essays on the Intersection of Kids, Culture, and Psychiatric DrugsGo to article: Book ReviewsThe Whores of the Court: The Fraud of Psychiatric Testimony and the Rape of JusticeThe Last Normal Child: Essays on the Intersection of Kids, Culture, and Psychiatric Drugs

    Book ReviewsThe Whores of the Court: The Fraud of Psychiatric Testimony and the Rape of JusticeThe Last Normal Child: Essays on the Intersection of Kids, Culture, and Psychiatric Drugs

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Mandating the Spread of Faulty Information: Implications for the Children of the FutureGo to article: Mandating the Spread of Faulty Information: Implications for the Children of the Future

    Mandating the Spread of Faulty Information: Implications for the Children of the Future

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Confronting Risk About Antidepressants for ChildrenGo to article: Confronting Risk About Antidepressants for Children

    Confronting Risk About Antidepressants for Children

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • EMDR in the Treatment of Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia: A Case DescriptionGo to article: EMDR in the Treatment of Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia: A Case Description

    EMDR in the Treatment of Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia: A Case Description

    Article

    The results of preliminary research investigating the application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment in panic disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobia suggests that reprocessing of past traumas produces significant reduction of anxiety and consequently, remission from panic attacks and avoidance behavior. This article describes the case study of a 30-year-old working professional where EMDR treatment, used to target early childhood traumas, led to reduction in symptoms of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Panic attacks diminished after 17 sessions of EMDR treatment, which followed Leeds’s treatment model. Treatment gains were maintained 5 years after termination. The study shows the value of solid preparation work, and of addressing the current triggers and recent events, before targeting historical traumas. EMDR worked as a first-line treatment to resolving the roots of the panic attacks, suggesting that the resolution of traumatic childhood memories can make a significant difference to current symptoms of panic disorder with agoraphobia.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Location Determines Health Outcomes for Families With Children With Special NeedsGo to article: Location Determines Health Outcomes for Families With Children With Special Needs

    Location Determines Health Outcomes for Families With Children With Special Needs

    Article

    Families living in poverty often do not have a choice but to live in impoverished neighborhoods. Low-income neighborhoods are typically characterized by poor-quality housing; ineffective schools; and a higher prevalence of crimes, drugs, and violence. For low-income families with children with special needs, living in areas of concentrated poverty is especially challenging. Owing to the isolation of such neighborhoods, residents often do not have access to quality supportive services and developmental opportunities for children with special needs. This lack of support predetermines the health outcome of a vulnerable child.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • On the Legacy of Thomas Szasz: A Reiteration of The Myth of Mental Illness and Response to Recent CriticismGo to article: On the Legacy of Thomas Szasz: A Reiteration of The Myth of Mental Illness and Response to Recent Criticism

    On the Legacy of Thomas Szasz: A Reiteration of The Myth of Mental Illness and Response to Recent Criticism

    Article

    In the 50th anniversary issue of The Myth of Mental Illness, Szasz conceded that, conceptually, his argument had been ignored because of the promulgation that mental illnesses are diseases of the brain. Responding to a recent editorial by T. Benning in the British Journal of Psychiatry Bulletin, which is somewhat critical of Szasz’s conceptual arguments, we argue that such criticisms are inaccurate. We highlight how no mental illness stands up to pathological scrutiny, yet treatments can cause iatrogenesis. In addition, we elaborate on how Szasz argued that the false concept of mental illness results in legal fictions. It is therefore important to defend and restate Szasz’s main thesis and conceptual arguments in light of recent criticism.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Confessions of a Heretical and Excommunicated Psychiatrist: AKA—The Bird Who Soiled Its NestGo to article: Confessions of a Heretical and Excommunicated Psychiatrist: AKA—The Bird Who Soiled Its Nest

    Confessions of a Heretical and Excommunicated Psychiatrist: AKA—The Bird Who Soiled Its Nest

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Evaluating the Efficacy of EMDR With Grieving Individuals: A Randomized Control TrialGo to article: Evaluating the Efficacy of EMDR With Grieving Individuals: A Randomized Control Trial

    Evaluating the Efficacy of EMDR With Grieving Individuals: A Randomized Control Trial

    Article

    This study compared the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with an integrated cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for grief. Nineteen participants (12 females and 7 males) who identified themselves as struggling with grief were randomly allocated to treatment conditions. Each participant was wait-listed for 7 weeks and then received 7 weeks of therapy. There were no significant improvements on any measure in the wait-list period. In contrast, participants in both treatment groups improved on measures of grief (ηp2 = .47), trauma symptoms (ηp2 = .60), and distress (ηp2 = .34). There was no significant improvement in participants’ scores on a quality of life measure (ηp2 = .11). Neither treatment approach produced better outcomes than the other. For those who scored in the clinical range at intake, 72% achieved clinical and reliable change on the grief measure and 82% on the trauma measure. The study had several strengths, including randomization to treatment condition, multiple therapists, formal assessment of treatment fidelity, and the pretreatment and follow-up assessments were conducted by researchers blind to treatment assignment. Overall, the findings indicate that EMDR and CBT are efficacious in assisting those struggling with grief, and that those individuals reporting higher levels of distress and lower levels of functioning may benefit the most from an intervention.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • EMDR Therapy in Psycho-Oncology: A Bridge Between Mind and BodyGo to article: EMDR Therapy in Psycho-Oncology: A Bridge Between Mind and Body

    EMDR Therapy in Psycho-Oncology: A Bridge Between Mind and Body

    Article

    Of the many life-threatening illnesses, cancer can be one of the most traumatic and distressful. It impacts the individual’s sense of identity and interferes with essential features intrinsic to the person’s uniqueness and self-awareness. It attacks patients’ physical integrity, bringing death into the foreground and can directly threaten their sense of belonging to micro and macro social systems. This article stresses the importance of understanding that psychological pain and physical suffering are closely interconnected and, within the context of psycho-oncology, proposes a clinical perspective based on the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) approach, in which the cancer event is nested in the history of life of the patient. EMDR is a therapeutic approach guided by the adaptive information processing (AIP) model. The AIP model postulates that psychopathology results when unprocessed experiences are stored in their own neural network, incapable of connecting with other more adaptive networks. In this perspective, the core of the clinical suffering is hypothesized as embedded in these dysfunctionally suspended memories. In line with recent scientific literature presented in this article, it appears that previous and cancer-related traumas maintain a vicious cycle between psychological and physical health, and the aim of EMDR therapy is to break this cycle. Recent scientific research has hypothesized that EMDR therapy is effective at both the psychological and physical levels. However, because of the consistent heterogeneity of the research design, the findings reported in this article highlight the need for further controlled research for more comprehensive examination.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Idealización y afecto positivo disfuncional: Terapia EMDR para mujeres que sienten ambivalencia con respecto a dejar a una pareja abusivaGo to article: Idealización y afecto positivo disfuncional: Terapia EMDR para mujeres que sienten ambivalencia con respecto a dejar a una pareja abusiva

    Idealización y afecto positivo disfuncional: Terapia EMDR para mujeres que sienten ambivalencia con respecto a dejar a una pareja abusiva

    Article

    Después de asegurarse de que haya seguridad, el tratamiento de las víctimas de violencia interpersonal (VIP) suele centrarse en las experiencias adversas y traumáticas, y en las emociones negativas relacionadas. Además, en muchos casos, la idealización del perpetrador y la emoción positiva desadaptativa son elementos iniciales que también han de tenerse en cuenta. El concepto de información almacenada disfuncionalmente (DSI, siglas en inglés de Dysfunctionally Stored Information)–descrito en el modelo de Procesamiento Adaptativo de la Información (PAI)–va más allá de las emociones negativas desadaptativas de los recuerdos de experiencias adversas y puede incluir defensas disfuncionales como emoción positiva desadaptativa y experiencias vitales idealizadas. La idealización autodestructiva, disfuncional e irreal en una relación puede tratase haciendo diana, con tandas focalizadas de estimulación bilateral, sobre recuerdos específicos de emociones positivas que son el origen de la idealización distorsionada. De esta manera, la paciente es capaz de desarrollar una resolución adaptativa, es decir, una percepción más precisa tanto de los acontecimientos pasados como de la naturaleza actual de la relación. Este abordaje para trabajar las defensas de la idealización se ilustra con tres ejemplos de casos de mujeres que se sentían ambivalentes con respecto a dejar a un compañero muy abusivo.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • A Wellness First Approach: A Lens for Improving Mental Health and Well-BeingGo to article: A Wellness First Approach: A Lens for Improving Mental Health and Well-Being

    A Wellness First Approach: A Lens for Improving Mental Health and Well-Being

    Article

    This article introduces a Wellness First Approach to addressing adverse community experiences and encouraging community healing and resilience. Structural violence and traumatic conditions can contribute to poor mental health outcomes for communities.However, communities have the capacity to amplify protective factors to mitigate the negative effects of adverse community experiences, toxic stress, and trauma. The authors offer that a better understanding of these experiences can transform the ways mental health is approached. Rather than predominantly focus on prevention and treatment practices on an individual level, there is a need to engage in prevention and healing through an ecological approach that includes whole communities. Recommendations of frameworks for mental health and well-being promotion that are aligned with a Wellness First Approach are provided.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • The Online Nurtured Heart Approach to Parenting: A Randomized Study to Improve ADHD Behaviors in Children Ages 6–8Go to article: The Online Nurtured Heart Approach to Parenting: A Randomized Study to Improve ADHD Behaviors in Children Ages 6–8

    The Online Nurtured Heart Approach to Parenting: A Randomized Study to Improve ADHD Behaviors in Children Ages 6–8

    Article

    Objectives

    To evaluate the efficacy of the Nurtured Heart Approach (NHA) to improve attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behaviors in children.

    Methods

    In 2017, we conducted a trial among parents (n = 104) with children ages 6–8 years diagnosed with ADHD/at risk for a diagnosis. Participants were randomly selected, but not blinded, to the immediate (NHA) or delayed (control) group. The NHA training was held online over 6 weeks.

    Results

    The NHA group (−7.0 ± 8.1), but not the control group (0.2 ± 6.6), reported a decrease in inattention (p < .001). The NHA group (−7.9 ± 9.3), but not the control group (−0.5 ± 7.3), reported a decrease in hyperactivity/impulsivity (p < .001).

    Conclusions

    The study provides preliminary data of the NHA's potential to improve ADHD related behaviors.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Traitement du souvenir dépendant du sommeil et mode d’action de l’EMDRGo to article: Traitement du souvenir dépendant du sommeil et mode d’action de l’EMDR

    Traitement du souvenir dépendant du sommeil et mode d’action de l’EMDR

    Article

    On pense que l’efficacité particulière de l’EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) dans le traitement de l’état de stress post-traumatique résulte de changements dans l’état cérébral et mental du sujet qui sont induits par la stimulation sensorielle bilatérale, mais la nature spécifique de ces changements et leurs conséquences demeurent inconnues. La possibilité que la stimulation bilatérale induise un état psychologique et cérébral semblable à celui qui est induit par les mouvements oculaires rapides, lors du sommeil paradoxal, est corroborée par des études montrant que le sommeil favorise certaines formes de traitement du souvenir, sans doute nécessaires à la résolution du traumatisme. Ces études, parallèlement à des recherches directes sur l’effet de la stimulation bilatérale sur le traitement des souvenirs et des émotions, et à des études comparatives identifiant les caractéristiques que doit revêtir la stimulation bilatérale pour traiter efficacement les traumatismes, nous conduiront finalement à comprendre le fondement neurobiologique de l’EMDR.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol for Patients With CancerGo to article: The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol for Patients With Cancer

    The EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol for Patients With Cancer

    Article

    Experiencing cancer is a peculiar stressor within the infrastructure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) because this debilitating disease involves ongoing stressors and is both acute and potentially chronic. The experience can include a wide range of associated adverse events, such as tumor detection, diagnosis, severity of disease, and prognosis; aggressive treatment; disfigurement and bodily dysfunction; side effects of treatment; impaired physical, social, and occupational functioning; and sometimes, recurrence and diagnosis of terminal illness. This article provides a detailed description of the clinical application of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-IGTP) Adapted for Adolescents and Adults Living with Ongoing Traumatic Stress for the patients with cancer. This protocol administers the eight phases of EMDR individual treatment to a group of patients using an art therapy format (i.e., drawings) and the butterfly hug (a self-administered bilateral stimulation method to process traumatic material). A previous study (Jarero et al., 2015) showed that after 6 sessions of EMDR-IGTP, there was a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms related to the diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancer in adult women. Effects were maintained at 90-day follow-up. In this article, we discuss how this protocol can be used to effectively provide intensive EMDR treatment to large groups of patients, and we provide detailed instructions for its provision to address one of the major psychological dimensions of cancer: the ongoing traumatic stress responses experienced by patients with cancer. A clinical example illustrates the treatment process.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • What Is EMDR Therapy? Past, Present, and Future DirectionsGo to article: What Is EMDR Therapy? Past, Present, and Future Directions

    What Is EMDR Therapy? Past, Present, and Future Directions

    Article

    Since its inception in 1989, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has evolved from a simple desensitization technique to treat posttraumatic stress disorder to a comprehensive psychotherapy approach that treats a broad range of clinical problems in a variety of contexts and with diverse populations. This position paper is the result of a two-year project by the Council of Scholars' “What is EMDR?” workgroup that was tasked with the particular challenge of defining EMDR therapy, as innovations in the field continue to develop and the need for a consensus definition has become essential. In addition to proposing categories of EMDR therapy, that is, EMDR psychotherapy, EMDR treatment protocols, and EMDR-derived techniques, we identified core elements of EMDR therapy that can serve as a guideline to evaluate future innovations. Additionally, with concepts and procedures evolving over the years, some of the language needed revising to be consistent with current practices. The adoption of these three categories of treatment by the EMDR community would have broad-reaching implications that would generate more qualitative as well as quantitative studies in all categories. For training and clinical practice, it offers clinicians the opportunity to train with a focus on their particular treatment setting in addition to the foundational training that would be universal to all EMDR-trained clinicians. Finally, the interplay in the Council of Scholars between the “What is EMDR?” workgroup and the research, clinical practice, and training and accreditation workgroups will lead to further developments as these areas all inform one another.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Rethinking Schizophrenia: Its Original Nature, Its Drug-Altered Character, and Thoughts About Its TreatmentGo to article: Rethinking Schizophrenia: Its Original Nature, Its Drug-Altered Character, and Thoughts About Its Treatment

    Rethinking Schizophrenia: Its Original Nature, Its Drug-Altered Character, and Thoughts About Its Treatment

    Article

    The nature of schizophrenia has changed markedly over the past half-century because the drugs used to treat it aggravate the disability it causes. This aggravation results from (1) the brain damage caused by the drugs themselves and (2) the replacement of the doctor-patient relationship, psychiatry’s most important therapeutic tool—within which patients’ problems and behaviors should be addressed—by a narrow psychiatric focus on drug effects upon symptoms. Psychiatry today thus resembles 19th century obstretrics, in which, as Ignaz Semmelweis pointed out then, physicians’ activities harm the patients they care for.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Cómo entender y tratar el narcisismo con terapia EMDRGo to article: Cómo entender y tratar el narcisismo con terapia EMDR

    Cómo entender y tratar el narcisismo con terapia EMDR

    Article

    El trastorno narcisista de la personalidad y los rasgos narcisistas están asociados con conductas egoístas y falta de empatía hacia los demás. Los pacientes con alguna de estas presentaciones iniciales en terapia muestran un perfil centrado en sí mismos y una falta de empatía o preocupación por el sufrimiento que pueden causar a otras personas, pero esto es sólo parte de la historia. En ocasiones, la falta de empatía y el egoísmo son sólo una defensa. Para entender completamente este problema, también es necesario ser consciente de los problemas subyacentes de autodefinición que llevan a las manifestaciones conductuales del narcisismo. Como en cualquier problema psicológico, el tratamiento con la terapia de desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimientos oculares exige comprender la manera en la que las primeras experiencias dan lugar a los futuros síntomas. Es fundamental comprender el recorrido desde las experiencias tempranas a las características narcisistas (incluidas las presentaciones encubiertas) para poder realizar una buena conceptualización del caso, así como entender las estructuras mentales de defensa que impiden acceder a las experiencias adversas nucleares que subyacen a los síntomas.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Social Media Guidelines Within University-Based Professional Psychology Training Programs: Ethical Challenges and Professional Considerations With Graduate StudentsGo to article: Social Media Guidelines Within University-Based Professional Psychology Training Programs: Ethical Challenges and Professional Considerations With Graduate Students

    Social Media Guidelines Within University-Based Professional Psychology Training Programs: Ethical Challenges and Professional Considerations With Graduate Students

    Article

    Social media is regularly used by a growing number of graduate students and licensed psychologists. This expands opportunities for professional growth and development for many, though it also brings forward a growing number of ethical challenges as personal and professional lives transform, blur, and merge online. This study examined social media policies of 46 American Psychological Association-accredited university-based professional psychology doctoral programs in clinical psychology to better understand the ethical challenges and protections that doctoral programs can implement to protect graduate students, faculty, and the public. Findings indicated that many university-based doctoral programs in clinical psychology do not have clear social media policies. Results and implications of the findings and how they relate to doctoral education will be discussed during this article.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Special Applications of EMDR: Treatment of Performance Anxiety, Sex Offenders, Couples, Families, and Traumatized GroupsGo to article: Special Applications of EMDR: Treatment of Performance Anxiety, Sex Offenders, Couples, Families, and Traumatized Groups

    Special Applications of EMDR: Treatment of Performance Anxiety, Sex Offenders, Couples, Families, and Traumatized Groups

    Article

    This article presents four brief reports that illustrate EMDR’s potential in addressing a range of pathologies and problems. These include traumatized groups, families and couples, sex offenders, and individuals with performance anxiety. Each brief report provides a short summary of the research, highlights current EMDR research, and points out what is needed for future investigations. Preliminary results suggest that the EMDR–integrative group treatment protocol may be an effective means of providing mental health care to large groups of people affected by critical incidents. The report titled “EMDR in Couples and Family Therapy” provides an overview of the field and describes the various ways in which EMDR is being incorporated. The presenting issue with performance anxiety is debilitating evaluation anxiety at the prospect of having to perform some important activity in front of an audience that matters a great deal to the client. Sex offender treatment is enhanced by an effective means of resolving psychological mechanisms that contribute to the dynamics of the offense chain.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Validity of the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale in EMDRGo to article: Validity of the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale in EMDR

    Validity of the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale in EMDR

    Article

    To test the psychometric properties of the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS), this study analyzed the data from 61 patients treated with EMDR. The pretreatment self-reported questionnaires, the in-session records of EMDR, and the Clinical Global Impression–Change (CGI-C) scale at the termination of EMDR were reviewed. The initial score of the SUDS at the first session was significantly correlated with the patient’s level of depression, the state anxiety, and distress from the impact of events. The final score of the SUDS at the first session was significantly correlated with the CGI-C score at termination. Consequently, this study confirmed that the SUDS in EMDR sessions has good psychometric properties.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • EMDR for Childhood PTSD After Road Traffic Accidents: Attentional, Memory, and Attributional ProcessesGo to article: EMDR for Childhood PTSD After Road Traffic Accidents: Attentional, Memory, and Attributional Processes

    EMDR for Childhood PTSD After Road Traffic Accidents: Attentional, Memory, and Attributional Processes

    Article

    Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was used with 11 children who developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after road traffic accidents. All improved such that none met criteria for PTSD on standardized assessments after an average of only 2.4 sessions. Significant improvements in PTSD, anxiety, and depression were found both immediately after treatment and at follow-up. Attentional, memory, and attributional processes associated with PTSD were assessed and their relationship to therapeutic change examined. Treatment was associated with a significant trauma-specific reduction in attentional bias on the modified Stroop task, with results apparent both immediately after therapy and at follow-up.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • EMDR for Depression: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic ReviewGo to article: EMDR for Depression: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

    EMDR for Depression: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

    Article

    The literature on the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for treating depression is heterogeneous due to research design, quality issues, and trials methodology. The current meta-analysis seeks to examine EMDR for depression with the aim of answering the aforementioned limitations. Thirty-nine studies were included for analysis after a review of the relevant literature. Univariate meta-regressions were run to examine dose-response and the effect of moderating variables. Subanalysis for primary and secondary depression showed a large, significant, and heterogeneous effect-size estimates, where EMDR significantly improved symptoms of depression in contrast to all control types. At post hoc, data were reexamined and a significant and large, yet heterogeneous, effect-size estimate emerged between the EMDR and control arm after the removal of two outliers [Hedges' g = 0.70, 95% CI =0.50–0.89, p-value < .01, I2 = 70%, K = 37]. This is the first meta-analysis examining for the effect of EMDR comparing to various control modalities on depression with dose-response. We found (a) that studies were balanced at onset in terms of depression severity, and (b) a large and significant effect of EMDR on depression at the end of trials. Additionally, the significance of the aggregate effect-size estimate at the end of trials was unchanged by the intake of psychotropic medications, reported demographic variables, or EMDR methodology.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Present and Accounted For: Sensory Stimulation and Parietal NeuroplasticityGo to article: Present and Accounted For: Sensory Stimulation and Parietal Neuroplasticity

    Present and Accounted For: Sensory Stimulation and Parietal Neuroplasticity

    Article

    There are commonalities between neurologic syndromes arising from lesions of the parietal cortex and psychiatric syndromes secondary to psychological trauma. Additionally some posttraumatic syndromes may reflect functional disruption of parietal areas. Directional or bilateral alternating peripheral sensory stimulation appear to assist in the amelioration of a wide range of clinical conditions, including the neglect syndrome and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. It is posited that the stimulation may exert its effect through activation of parietal higher-order functions. The activation may result in an integration of sensory information and an updating of the current representation of person and space, which incorporates an awareness of current body reality, sense of self, and world view. It is hypothesized that the EMDR procedure is ideally constructed to facilitate parietal activation through multimodal sensory stimulation, attention and episodic memory retrieval and focus on internal and external body, space, and self. Further investigations and an integration of data between disciplines are suggested, in order to expand our range of effective treatments.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • EMDR in the Addiction Continuing Care Process Case Study of a Cross-Addicted Female’s Treatment and RecoveryGo to article: EMDR in the Addiction Continuing Care Process Case Study of a Cross-Addicted Female’s Treatment and Recovery

    EMDR in the Addiction Continuing Care Process Case Study of a Cross-Addicted Female’s Treatment and Recovery

    Article

    There have been suggestions in the literature since 1994 that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) may serve as an effective adjunct to the addiction treatment process; however, follow-up research in this area has been limited. This case study of a cross-addicted female includes a case review illustrating how EMDR was used in the continuing care process and a semistructured phenomenological interview conducted at 6-month follow-up. Prior to this course of treatment, the participant was treated 12 times with traditional approaches but was unable to achieve more than 4 months of sobriety at any given time. Following EMDR, the participant reported 18 months of sobriety and important changes in functional life domains. The phenomenological interview revealed six critical themes about the addiction and recovery process that can offer insight to clinicians treating co-occurring addiction and trauma.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • In the Shadow of Leviathan: The Case of Garth DanielsGo to article: In the Shadow of Leviathan: The Case of Garth Daniels

    In the Shadow of Leviathan: The Case of Garth Daniels

    Article

    A notorious case of a man detained and shackled to his bed while receiving ECT as an involuntary patient raises critically important questions for institutional psychiatry. These relate to the fundamental premises on which the mentally-disturbed are detained and forced to take treatment against their will. There is, however, very little prospect of psychiatrists willingly answering questions which threaten their livelihood.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • EMDR and the Adaptive Information Processing ModelPotential Mechanisms of ChangeGo to article: EMDR and the Adaptive Information Processing ModelPotential Mechanisms of Change

    EMDR and the Adaptive Information Processing ModelPotential Mechanisms of Change

    Article

    Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic approach guided by the adaptive information processing (AIP) model. This article provides a brief overview of some of the major precepts of AIP. The basis of clinical pathology is hypothesized to be dysfunctionally stored memories, with therapeutic change resulting from the processing of these memories within larger adaptive networks. Unlike extinction-based exposure therapies, memories targeted in EMDR are posited to transmute during processing and are then again stored by a process of reconsolidation. Therefore, a comparison and contrast to extinction-based information processing models and treatment is provided, including implications for clinical practice. Throughout the article a variety of mechanisms of action are discussed, including those inferred by tenets of the AIP model, and the EMDR procedures themselves, including the bilateral stimulation. Research suggestions are offered in order to investigate various hypotheses.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Early EMDR Intervention (EEI): A Summary, a Theoretical Model, and the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP)Go to article: Early EMDR Intervention (EEI): A Summary, a Theoretical Model, and the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP)

    Early EMDR Intervention (EEI): A Summary, a Theoretical Model, and the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP)

    Article

    This article examines existing early EMDR intervention (EEI) procedures, presents a conceptual model, and proposes a new comprehensive protocol: the Recent-Traumatic Episode protocol (R-TEP). A review of research and important professional issues regarding application and parameters are presented. The commonly used EEI protocols and procedures are summarized, with the inclusion of descriptive case examples from the Lebanon war and a review of related research. Then a theoretical model is presented in which traumatic information processing is conceptualized as expanding from a narrow focus on the sensory image (perceptual level) to a wider focus on the event/episode (experiential level) and finally to a broad focus on the theme/identity (meaning level). The relationship of this model to the Recent-Traumatic Episode protocol is articulated and case examples are presented. Theoretical speculations are discussed relating to attention regulation and the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model. Further research is encouraged.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Manipulations and Spins in Attention Disorders Research: The Case of ADHD and COVID-19Go to article: Manipulations and Spins in Attention Disorders Research: The Case of ADHD and COVID-19

    Manipulations and Spins in Attention Disorders Research: The Case of ADHD and COVID-19

    Article

    This article raises awareness to manipulations and “spins” that occur in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) research. An in-depth inspection was conducted on a high-profile study that suggested that ADHD is a risk factor for infection with COVID-19 and that stimulants reduce that risk (Merzon et al., 2020b). Two additional studies by the same first author were inspected as well, one that was published in the same journal and one that relied on the same dataset. Seven manipulations and spins were identified, including inappropriate operational definitions, misrepresentations, and omissions that produced bogus results and might have concealed potential adverse effects of medications. These distortions illustrate how biased science can contribute to the ethically problematic phenomena of overdiagnosis and overmedication.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Burdens Among Jordanian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes MellitusGo to article: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Burdens Among Jordanian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

    Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Burdens Among Jordanian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

    Article

    Purpose: To assess the levels and prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress and to identify factors associated with these emotions among Jordanian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This descriptive study recruited 149 participants through a convenience sampling technique. Depression, anxiety, and stress burdens were measured through Arabic short version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Results: There were 28.8%, 49.5%, and 33.5% of participants who had moderate-to-extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The depression, anxiety, and stress burdens were associated with patients’ gender and educational level, and the highest level of depression, anxiety, and stress burdens levels were associated with the presence of diabetes complications and other chronic illness. Conclusion: The findings from this study can guide the health providers to address psychological status for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in their care plans.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Crucial Processes in EMDRMore Than Imaginal ExposureGo to article: Crucial Processes in EMDRMore Than Imaginal Exposure

    Crucial Processes in EMDRMore Than Imaginal Exposure

    Article

    The processes that underlie the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are examined by evaluating the procedural differences between it and exposure therapy. Major factors include the degree of emphasis placed on reliving versus distancing in the therapies and the degree to which clients are encouraged to focus on direct trauma experiences versus experiences associated with the trauma. Research results indicate that, unlike traditional imaginal exposure, reliving responses in EMDR did not correlate with symptom improvement. Instead, consistent with an information processing model, the degree of distancing in EMDR was significantly associated with improvement. A case study is described to highlight these methodological divergences in the respective therapies relating to reliving. Finally, the research regarding the possible sources of the distancing response within EMDR was examined. The results indicate that the distancing process was more likely to be an effect produced by eye movements than by any therapist instructions. Theoretical and research evaluations indicate that the mechanisms underlying EMDR and traditional exposure therapy are different.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Peter BregginGo to article: Peter Breggin

    Peter Breggin

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • The Problem of Consciousness: A Cross-Cultural PerspectiveGo to article: The Problem of Consciousness: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

    The Problem of Consciousness: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Skuteczność terapii EMDR w zmniejszaniu dystresu psychicznego u osób, które przeżyły katastrofy naturalne – przeglądGo to article: Skuteczność terapii EMDR w zmniejszaniu dystresu psychicznego u osób, które przeżyły katastrofy naturalne – przegląd

    Skuteczność terapii EMDR w zmniejszaniu dystresu psychicznego u osób, które przeżyły katastrofy naturalne – przegląd

    Article

    <pol>Katastrofy naturalne mają wpływ na całe społeczności ludzkie, zarówno w wymiarze indywidualnym, jak i ekonomicznym czy społecznym. Chociaż oddziaływanie tego typu zdarzeń na zdrowie psychiczne ludzi jest ogromne, to wciąż brak adekwatnych środków zaradczych w obszarze zdrowia psychicznego osób, które doświadczyły i przeżyły katastrofy. W ramach programu Humanitarian Assistance Programme, podjęto próbę zajęcia się potrzebami osób, które przez. yły katastrofę naturalną, poprzez wykorzystanie terapii EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Niniejszy przegląd przedstawia dowody skuteczności terapii EMDR w leczeniu dystresu psychicznego u osób, które wyszły cało z katastrofy naturalnej. Spośród ośmiu omówionych badań, cztery badania były próbami kontrolowanymi, a jedno badanie było kontrolowane częściowo. Wszystkie badania wykazały zarówno statystyczną, jak i kliniczną istotność w redukowaniu intensywności objawów zespołu stresu pourazowego (PTSD), lęku, depresji oraz innych typów dystresu, doświadczanych przez osoby ocalone z katastrof naturalnych. Co więcej, cztery spośród ośmiu badań wykazały istotność kliniczną zaledwie po jednej sesji terapeutycznej. Oznacza to, że EMDR jest terapią pozwalającą zaoszczędzić zasoby, czas oraz koszty. Zagadnieniami omawianymi w niniejszym przeglądzie są ramy teoretyczne, adaptacja podczas interwencji, kwestie metodologiczne oraz ocena jakości badań, jak również implikacje na przyszłość i praktyka kliniczna.</pol>

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Letters to the EditorGo to article: Letters to the Editor

    Letters to the Editor

    Article
    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Beyond the Medical Model: Renewing the PromiseGo to article: Beyond the Medical Model: Renewing the Promise

    Beyond the Medical Model: Renewing the Promise

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Reflections on Type III Error: Ethical Implications for Mental Health Research, Public Policy, and Population HealthGo to article: Reflections on Type III Error: Ethical Implications for Mental Health Research, Public Policy, and Population Health

    Reflections on Type III Error: Ethical Implications for Mental Health Research, Public Policy, and Population Health

    Article

    This reflection comments on Type III error—how the misrecognition of causal factors shaping the onset, acuity, and duration of mental health symptoms may lead to the design of interventions that compromise the health of populations. Type III error reveals the ethical challenges of research designs that answer the wrong question. The argument offered by Schwartz and Carpenter in their 1999 article, “The right answer for the wrong question: consequences of Type III error for public health research,” is used as a foil to discuss ethical implications for population mental health.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Partnering With Trauma Survivors to Create a Grassroots Demand for Trauma-Informed ApproachesGo to article: Partnering With Trauma Survivors to Create a Grassroots Demand for Trauma-Informed Approaches

    Partnering With Trauma Survivors to Create a Grassroots Demand for Trauma-Informed Approaches

    Article

    Established in collaboration with the Office of Consumer Affairs at the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and the Mental Health Empowerment Project, Inc., the New York City Trauma-Informed Learning Community (NYCTIA-LC) represents a unique partnership between the community, local government, and trauma survivors. The NYCTIA-LC is comprised of individuals with lived experience who are committed to learning about trauma and trauma-informed approaches, advocating for the creation of trauma-informed environments, and the use of these approaches in behavioral health. This article will chronicle the development and evolution of the NYCTIA-LC and explore how local government and individuals who have been directly impacted by trauma can partner to consider a community response to this crisis.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Application of EMDR Therapy to Self-Harming BehaviorsGo to article: Application of EMDR Therapy to Self-Harming Behaviors

    Application of EMDR Therapy to Self-Harming Behaviors

    Article

    Self-harm is frequently a trauma-driven coping strategy that can be understood from the perspective of the adaptive information processing (AIP) model and treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy (Shapiro, 1995, 2001). Self-harm is often connected with memories of adverse and traumatic life experiences. Identifying and processing these memories with EMDR therapy can put an end to the self-injurious behavior. In addition, self-harm is often based on a lack of regulation skills, and these skill deficits can be addressed in EMDR therapy as well. In this article, the authors describe strategies for treating self-harm throughout the 8 phases of EMDR. Although there is no single approach that applies to all cases, the therapist needs to take a careful history of self-harm, its historical origins, and its triggers and functions in the present to formulate a treatment plan. Often, in the authors’ experience, self-harm functions as a self-soothing strategy that redissociates traumatic affect from childhood. Treatment strategies for Phases 3–8 of EMDR therapy are illustrated through case vignettes.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Examining the Genetic Contribution to ADHDGo to article: Examining the Genetic Contribution to ADHD

    Examining the Genetic Contribution to ADHD

    Article

    The scientific status of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly controversial. Much of the controversy hinges on whether ADHD is a biological disorder. Advocates of biological causation often argue that it has a genetic basis. Etiology of ADHD has implications for treatment options, which is also a source of controversy. Given the ongoing interest in establishing the genetic basis of ADHD, this article critically examines the claims of a genetic basis to ADHD. We conclude that although genes may have a role to play in the expression of ADHD behaviors, available evidence suggests that the effect size of a genetic contribution is likely to be small.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • EMDR Treatment of Workplace Trauma A Case SeriesGo to article: EMDR Treatment of Workplace Trauma A Case Series

    EMDR Treatment of Workplace Trauma A Case Series

    Article

    Violence and aggression in the workplace is an increasing international concern. No studies have yet determined the most efficacious psychotherapeutic strategies to alleviate the consequences of workplace violence, and none have identified interventions that might fortify workers who are repeatedly exposed to danger. This case series describes the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of seven bank employees and one transportation worker who suffered repeated acute traumatization. The Impact of Events Scale, the Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome 10-Questions Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to measure changes in symptom severity. Results showed that EMDR effectively reduced symptoms and may provide a possible protective buffer in situations of ongoing workplace violence.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Gender Identity “Disorder”? A Critique of the Binary Approach to GenderGo to article: Gender Identity “Disorder”? A Critique of the Binary Approach to Gender

    Gender Identity “Disorder”? A Critique of the Binary Approach to Gender

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • EditorialGo to article: Editorial

    Editorial

    Article
    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Improving Internet Searches for Community Resources by Persons Diagnosed With Mental DisordersGo to article: Improving Internet Searches for Community Resources by Persons Diagnosed With Mental Disorders

    Improving Internet Searches for Community Resources by Persons Diagnosed With Mental Disorders

    Article

    This study assisted clients in a locked facility for persons with mental disorders and substance abuse problems to explore the communities into which they were to be discharged using the Internet. Four patients with either the diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia were provided Internet access with instructions to search for any of 6 categories of resources (i.e., potential housing, employment, public services, shops and restaurants, recreational facilities, and social or religious organizations) in their prospective communities. For 3 out of 4 patients, initial instructions to search for any of 6 categories of resources lead to very few relevant websites being visited. When patients were instructed to choose one of these 6 categories to explore and to give their reasons for selecting that category, the number of relevant websites visited increased severalfold. Narrowing search instructions and reviewing personal goals can be helpful in overcoming the numerous distractions on the Internet and allowing clients to obtain needed information from this vast communication network.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Counter-Narratives of “Mental Illness”Go to article: Counter-Narratives of “Mental Illness”

    Counter-Narratives of “Mental Illness”

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Confronting 60 Minutes’ “Imminent Danger”: The Evidence on Schizophrenia and Psychotropic Medications, Violence, and Forced Orders to TreatGo to article: Confronting 60 Minutes’ “Imminent Danger”: The Evidence on Schizophrenia and Psychotropic Medications, Violence, and Forced Orders to Treat

    Confronting 60 Minutes’ “Imminent Danger”: The Evidence on Schizophrenia and Psychotropic Medications, Violence, and Forced Orders to Treat

    Article

    Recently, considerable attention has been given to individuals labeled “mentally ill,” with the possibility that they too often go untreated with psychotropic medications and in turn, commit disproportionally higher rates of violence. The world-known television show 60 Minutes broadcasted a special on this topic in the United States on September 29, 2013; however, they created a disturbingly inaccurate picture of those who suffer with what some label as “mental illness.” There are decades of peer-reviewed research demonstrating that individuals diagnosed with severe mental illness, labeled schizophrenia, and given psychotropic medications are in fact less likely to recover from their disorder and more likely to be rehospitalized. Additionally, although mental health commitments, often called forced orders to treat, are quite common and now being supported more so due to such programming, the research on mental health commitments has not shown they are actually effective.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • On the Implications and Consequences of a Neurobiochemical Etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)Go to article: On the Implications and Consequences of a Neurobiochemical Etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)

    On the Implications and Consequences of a Neurobiochemical Etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)

    Article

    Many names have preceded the currently used name, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, yet no greater explanatory power has ever been achieved by the numerous name changes. Questions are raised regarding the basis for and accuracy of the neurobiochemical etiological explanation. Weaknesses in the neurobiochemical hypothesis are raised, involving problems with definitions, plus the existence of logical fallacies, flawed research methodology, and serious measurement difficulties (such as the fact that no single valid or reliable physical, mental, or genetic test is available for diagnosing ADHD). The author observes that many investigators do not regard ADHD as a single diagnostic category on its own, but as a syndrome or a comorbid condition. Believing that ADHD has a neurobiochemical basis often results in an organic treatment approach, and the use of psychostimulant drugs like Ritalin or Adderall, which newly published disclosures clearly indicate have serious aftereffects. Agitated depression has been proposed as an alternative explanation, as well as the use of effective, tried and true psychotherapy treatments that do not pose the risks involved in the use of psychostimulant drugs.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Evaluating the EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol With Refugees: A Field StudyGo to article: Evaluating the EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol With Refugees: A Field Study

    Evaluating the EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol With Refugees: A Field Study

    Article

    In 2015, more than 1.5 million refugees arrived in Germany, many severely traumatized. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has been proven to be an effective treatment for acute and chronic traumatic stress symptoms. A modification for provision in group settings was developed by E. Shapiro: the EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol (G-TEP). In this field study, we investigated the effectiveness of 2 sessions of EMDR G-TEP in treating traumatized refugees. After receiving a psychoeducation session, 18 Arabic-speaking refugees from Syria and Iraq who had come to Germany during the previous 5 months were assigned to treatment and/or waitlist. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered at pre- and posttreatment. Analysis was conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test and planned Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests. Results showed significant differences between the treatment and the waitlist groups, indicating a significant decline in IES-R scores (p < .05). Although differences in BDI scores did not reach significance (p = .06), a large decline in BDI scores was seen in the treatment group. These results provide preliminary evidence that it might be effective to treat groups of traumatized refugees with EMDR G-TEP.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • EditorialGo to article: Editorial

    Editorial

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • A Fallacy of the World Health Organization's Mental Health Gap Action Programme and Intervention Guide: Counseling and Psychotherapy Are Also (Western) Indigenous/Traditional Healing MethodsGo to article: A Fallacy of the World Health Organization's Mental Health Gap Action Programme and Intervention Guide: Counseling and Psychotherapy Are Also (Western) Indigenous/Traditional Healing Methods

    A Fallacy of the World Health Organization's Mental Health Gap Action Programme and Intervention Guide: Counseling and Psychotherapy Are Also (Western) Indigenous/Traditional Healing Methods

    Article

    This article will argue that, rather than being objective and universal treatment appro-aches, counseling and psychotherapy are indigenous/traditional (i.e., cultural) healing methods of the Euro-American West. Therefore, the World Health Organization's Mental Health Gap Action Programme (MHGAP), designed to provide increased access to reportedly highly effective Western mental health treatment services in many low- and middle-income countries, is likely to falter. It can be argued that culturally adapted counseling and psychotherapy will be most effective for individuals in non-Western countries who endorse or are somewhat acculturated to Western understandings and ways of living. Therefore, Western psychological interventions should not be at the forefront of the MHGAP in non-Western countries. Supportive evidence for this perspective is summarized and alternative approaches to promoting global mental health that draw on non-Western indigenous healing practices are presented.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • A Clinical Vignette: EMDR Treatment of Choking PhobiaGo to article: A Clinical Vignette: EMDR Treatment of Choking Phobia

    A Clinical Vignette: EMDR Treatment of Choking Phobia

    Article

    A vignette is a brief case report that makes a contribution to the literature, but which has used only EMDR’s standard protocol measures. This vignette describes the treatment of a woman who developed a severe choking phobia following an allergic reaction to a herbal beverage. She was hospitalized on several occasions because of her resultant inability to consume food and liquids. She received four years of various types of treatment for this phobia, including eating disorder treatment, brief psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychopharmacological treatment. None were successful in eliminating the disorder. Then when Mary received a course of EMDR treatment, addressing childhood etiological events, there was complete remission of the choking phobia and elimination of all related behaviors.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Introduction: Festschrift for Peter Breggin, MDGo to article: Introduction: Festschrift for Peter Breggin, MD

    Introduction: Festschrift for Peter Breggin, MD

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Intersection of Mental Health, Education, and Juvenile Justice: The Role of Mental Health Providers in Reducing the School-to-Prison PipelineGo to article: Intersection of Mental Health, Education, and Juvenile Justice: The Role of Mental Health Providers in Reducing the School-to-Prison Pipeline

    Intersection of Mental Health, Education, and Juvenile Justice: The Role of Mental Health Providers in Reducing the School-to-Prison Pipeline

    Article

    The school-to-prison pipeline (STPP) describes the corridor between the education system and the justice system which is increasingly filled with children and youth who have mental health challenges. Approximately 22% of children (under 18 years old) in the general U.S. population have psychiatric disorders, as compared to approximately 70% of justice-involved children (Cocozza & Shufelt, 2006; Teplin et al., 2002). This article uses the differential behavior hypothesis and the differential selection/processing hypothesis to critically examine the intersection of the mental health, education, and juvenile justice systems and the overrepresentation of mental illness for justice-involved youth in the United States. Early identification, assessment, barriers to care and health disparities, school discipline, and the criminalization of children and youth with mental illness are explored with global implications. Recommendations and promising practices are offered including: improved data and service provider collaborations, community-based services and systems of care, diversion and decarceration, juvenile mental health courts, and juvenile crisis intervention teams.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Intoxication Anosognosia: The Spellbinding Effect of Psychiatric DrugsGo to article: Intoxication Anosognosia: The Spellbinding Effect of Psychiatric Drugs

    Intoxication Anosognosia: The Spellbinding Effect of Psychiatric Drugs

    Article

    Why do so many individuals persist in taking psychoactive substances, including psychiatric drugs, after adverse mental and behavioral effects have become severe and even disabling? The author has previously proposed the brain-disabling principle of psychiatric treatment that all somatic psychiatric treatments impair the function of the brain and mind. Intoxication anosognosia (medication spellbinding) is an expression of this drug-induced mental disability. Intoxication anosognosia causes the victim to underestimate the degree of drug-induced mental impairment, to deny the harmful role that the drug plays in the person’s altered state, and in many cases compel the individual to mistakenly believe that he or she is functioning better. In the extreme, the individual displays out-of-character compulsively destructive behaviors, including violence toward self and others.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Psycho “Therapy” and The Stories We Live By, by Laurence SimonGo to article: Psycho “Therapy” and The Stories We Live By, by Laurence Simon

    Psycho “Therapy” and The Stories We Live By, by Laurence Simon

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Persönlichkeitsdissoziation und EMDR-Therapie bei komplexen traumabezogenen Störungen: Anwendungen in Behandlungsphasen 2 und 3Go to article: Persönlichkeitsdissoziation und EMDR-Therapie bei komplexen traumabezogenen Störungen: Anwendungen in Behandlungsphasen 2 und 3

    Persönlichkeitsdissoziation und EMDR-Therapie bei komplexen traumabezogenen Störungen: Anwendungen in Behandlungsphasen 2 und 3

    Article

    Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) – Psychotherapie kann eine bedeutende Rolle in der phasenorientierten Behandlung von komplexen traumabezogenen Störungen spielen. In einem vorangegangenen Artikel wurde die Behandlungsphase 1 im Sinne der Theorie der strukturellen Persönlichkeitsdissoziation und der ihr zugeordneten Aktionspsychologie – Stabilisation, Symptomreduktion und Skills-Training – beschrieben und die Anwendung von EMDR-Verfahren in dieser Phase hervorgehoben. Behandlungsphase 2 beinhaltet im Wesentlichen EMDR-Anwendungen zur Überwindung der Phobie vor traumatischen Erinnerungen und deren anschließende Integration. Behandlungsphase 3 legt den Schwerpunkt auf weitere Persönlichkeitsintegration, was die Überwindung verschiedener das adaptive Funktionieren im Alltag betreffender Phobien mit einschließt. Dieser Artikel hebt Behandlungsansätze hervor, die Therapeuten bei der Integration von EMDR-Protokollen in Phase 2 und 3 einer phasenorientierten Behandlung unterstützen, ohne dabei die integrativen Kapazitäten oder das Toleranzfenster der Patienten zu überschreiten.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Help That Harms and Help That Helps: Working With Young People on Psychiatric DrugsGo to article: Help That Harms and Help That Helps: Working With Young People on Psychiatric Drugs

    Help That Harms and Help That Helps: Working With Young People on Psychiatric Drugs

    Article

    This article presents the case of a 16-year-old adolescent, Rob, to explore the fact that working as a counseling psychologist is much more complicated than the issues of family, developmental, relational, and psychological distress that might have been studied in graduate school or in continuing education. I use Rob’s, and his mother’s, situation as a focal point to bring attention and perspective to the great challenges and complications of working with young people on psychiatric drugs, examining how previous help has harmed and makes it exceedingly difficult to help now. I present specific data on societal trends and factors that make it very difficult to deal with challenging young people in the midst of our own struggles to survive in a very challenging world, to think beyond the current stress or crisis and, to remember the big picture—to recall and hold the image of a child or adolescent as a self-willed, autonomous, self-organizing young adult. I also present ideas and attitudes that might be helpful in overcoming some of the obstacles and suggest maturity coaching as a basic alternative to a typical emphasis on behavior management.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Breaking Out of the Mainstream: The Evolution of Peer Support Alternatives to the Mental Health SystemGo to article: Breaking Out of the Mainstream: The Evolution of Peer Support Alternatives to the Mental Health System

    Breaking Out of the Mainstream: The Evolution of Peer Support Alternatives to the Mental Health System

    Article

    The consumer/survivor/ex-patient (c/s/x) movement has been instrumental in the development of a variety of peer-support alternatives to traditional mental health services in both the United States in Canada. This article explores the role of the c/s/x movement in the creation of such alternatives and discusses the various ways peer support is defined and has been put into practice. We also discuss the potential for future alliances and dialogues between progressive mental health professionals and the c/s/x movement as both groups seek ways to reconceptualize mental illness and recovery outside of the medical model paradigm.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Neurobiological Impact of EMDR in CancerGo to article: Neurobiological Impact of EMDR in Cancer

    Neurobiological Impact of EMDR in Cancer

    Article

    The exposure to a life-threatening disease such as cancer may constitute a traumatic experience that in some cases may lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In recent years, several studies investigated this syndrome in patients with cancer, but few focused on the underlying neurobiology. The aim of this work was to review the current literature of neurobiology of PTSD in oncological diseases, focusing on a comparison with the results of neurobiological studies on PTSD in non-oncological patients and on treatments resulted effective for such disorder. Brain structures having a role in the appearance of PTSD in psycho-oncology, and in particular, in intrusive symptoms, seem to be the same involved in non-oncologic PTSD. These findings may have important implications also at clinical level, suggesting that psychotherapies found to be effective to treat PTSD in different populations may be offered also to patients with cancer-induced posttraumatic symptoms. Further studies are needed to deepen our knowledge about cancer-related PTSD neurobiology and its treatment, aiming at transferring the results into clinical practice.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Critical PerspectiveGo to article: Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Critical Perspective

    Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Critical Perspective

    Article

    Electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) is widely used in the Anglophone world but much less in the rest of the world. In some places, it is so severely restricted as to be a rarity; in others, it is banned. Comparative data indicate there is no scientific justification for this discrepancy. Instead, there is a prima facie case to say that the major impetus behind ECT usage lies in the financial rewards it generates for psychiatrists.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Some Wounds Don’t Bleed: An Examination of Unresolved Trauma in Vietnam Veterans and Its Ethical Implications Through the Lens of One Man’s Story and BeyondGo to article: Some Wounds Don’t Bleed: An Examination of Unresolved Trauma in Vietnam Veterans and Its Ethical Implications Through the Lens of One Man’s Story and Beyond

    Some Wounds Don’t Bleed: An Examination of Unresolved Trauma in Vietnam Veterans and Its Ethical Implications Through the Lens of One Man’s Story and Beyond

    Article

    The Vietnam War left in its wake not only physical casualties but psychological ones as well. Among the most significant features of the war’s aftermath are numerous and well-documented cases of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite having been observed by writers, scholars, and others as early as biblical times, it was not until the emotional and psychological aftereffects suffered by Vietnam veterans became too numerous and significant to ignore that medicine, psychology, and the U.S. military undertook serious study of the disorder. David Rose, himself a veteran, shares his personal PTSD journey, having been diagnosed some 45 years after his return from Vietnam. David’s story and poetry paint a picture that is both deeply personal and yet all too common among veterans of military conflict. Through David’s story, we explore the questions of what PTSD is and how it has been addressed by the military as well as those charged with providing treatment. Also explored is the concept of moral injury and the ethical implications of exposing service members to circumstances, which inevitably bear psychological consequences.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • EditorialGo to article: Editorial

    Editorial

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Is a Correct Psychiatric Diagnosis Possible? Major Depressive Disorder as a Case in PointGo to article: Is a Correct Psychiatric Diagnosis Possible? Major Depressive Disorder as a Case in Point

    Is a Correct Psychiatric Diagnosis Possible? Major Depressive Disorder as a Case in Point

    Article

    The desire on the part of American psychiatry in the 1970s to “rejoin medicine” resulted in DSM–III and subsequent editions. The form of medical conditions is imitated as closely as possible by listing criteria symptom sets for supposedly discrete, autonomous clinical entities, although relevant biological phenomena remain conspicuously lacking. As in somatic medicine, symptoms are unconnected to social background, history, context, and so on. But the necessity to interpret what people say and to depict behavior as the basis for diagnosis inevitably leads to intractable problems of meaning and evidence, as illustrated by a close examination of Major Depressive Episode. Plausible description and understanding of personal problems requires patient-supplied depiction of the nature and scope of the problem, history, and context, and when these are fleshed-out clinical entities and the usefulness of mental disorder disappear.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Screening for Mental Illness: The Merger of Eugenics and the Drug IndustryGo to article: Screening for Mental Illness: The Merger of Eugenics and the Drug Industry

    Screening for Mental Illness: The Merger of Eugenics and the Drug Industry

    Article

    The implementation of a recommendation by the President’s New Freedom Commission (NFC) to screen the entire United States population—children first—for presumed, undetected, mental illness is an ill-conceived policy destined for disastrous consequences. The “pseudoscientific” methods used to screen for mental and behavioral abnormalities are a legacy from the discredited ideology of eugenics. Both eugenics and psychiatry suffer from a common philosophical fallacy that undermines the validity of their theories and prescriptions. Both are wed to a faith-based ideological assumption that mental and behavior manifestations are biologically determined, and are, therefore, ameliorated by biological interventions. NFC promoted the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) as a “model” medication treatment plan. The impact of TMAP is evident in the skyrocketing increase in psychotropic drug prescriptions for children and adults, and in the disproportionate expenditure for psychotropic drugs. The New Freedom Commission’s screening for mental illness initiative is, therefore, but the first step toward prescribing drugs. The escalating expenditure for psychotropic drugs since TMAP leaves little doubt about who the beneficiaries of TMAP are. Screening for mental illness will increase their use.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • White Paper: Psychiatric Drugs and ViolenceGo to article: White Paper: Psychiatric Drugs and Violence

    White Paper: Psychiatric Drugs and Violence

    Article

    This article expresses the International Society for Ethical Psychology and Psychiatry’s position regarding the link between psychiatric drug use and violence. It first presents a model of human emotion and, in particular, it focuses on the emotion of anger. It notes that anger can be seen as a protective emotion that occurs when another painful emotion is too intense or chronic. Anger serves to provide the person with the power to overcome but may also result in violent behavior if not managed sufficiently. A person’s risk of acting violently depends on several risk factors. Whereas some of the risk factors are historical in nature and, therefore, cannot be changed (e.g., gender, past instances of violence, etc.), 5 factors can be managed to reduce one’s risk. Of these 5, one is the use of mind-altering substances such as alcohol, illicit drugs, and prescription drugs. The results of empirical research are also presented showing the link between psychiatric drug use, its effect on cognition, and the very negative experiences that can lead to anger, and thus, violence. The article concludes by challenging 2 counter positions that (a) only a small percentage of people are negatively affected by psychiatric drugs and (b) the benefits of psychiatric drugs outweigh any risk. It is shown that these two positions are not justified.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Randomized Controlled Trial: Provision of EMDR Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents and Ongoing Traumatic Stress to First RespondersGo to article: Randomized Controlled Trial: Provision of EMDR Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents and Ongoing Traumatic Stress to First Responders

    Randomized Controlled Trial: Provision of EMDR Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents and Ongoing Traumatic Stress to First Responders

    Article

    This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents and Ongoing Traumatic Stress (EMDR-PRECI) in reducing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression symptoms related to the work of first responders on active duty. Participants were randomly assigned to two 60-minute individual treatment sessions (N = 30) or to a no-treatment control condition (N = 30). They completed pre-, post-, and follow-up measurements using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) (PCL-5) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data analysis by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed clear effects of the EMDR-PRECI in reducing PTSD work-related symptoms in the treatment group with symptom reduction maintained at 90-day follow-up with a large effect size (d = 3.99), while participants continued to experience direct exposure to potentially traumatic work-related events during the follow-up period. Data analysis by repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between time and group, F (2,116) = 153.83, p < .001, ηP2 = .726 for PTSD, and for anxiety F (1,58) = 37.40, p < .005, ηP2 = .090, but not for depression. A t-test showed a clear decrease for depression symptoms for the treatment group with statistically significant results. The study results suggest that the EMDR-PRECI could be an efficient and effective way to address first responders' work-related PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms. Future research is recommended to replicate these results and to investigate if symptom improvement also results in the reduction of physical health symptoms and early retirement for PTSD-related reasons among first responders.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Links Between Antidepressants and Suicide and Homicide: Commentary on Bouvy and LiemGo to article: Links Between Antidepressants and Suicide and Homicide: Commentary on Bouvy and Liem

    Links Between Antidepressants and Suicide and Homicide: Commentary on Bouvy and Liem

    Article

    The use of appropriate robust statistical methods can provide important insights into the impact of pharmacological interventions. There is a long-standing, controversial, and unresolved debate regarding the association between antidepressant medication use and violent or aggressive behaviors. In particular, both suicide and homicide have been linked to antidepressant use. Various claims have been made that antidepressant use increases the risk of suicide and homicide, whereas counterclaims suggest that antidepressant use decreases these risks. Bouvy and Liem (2012) have entered this debate with an analysis of population-level, longitudinal data from the Netherlands. They report a significant negative linear association between lethal violence and prescriptions of antidepressants in the Netherlands. Their analysis, however, is flawed in numerous ways. So much so, in fact, that defensible conclusions cannot be made and use of this research to counter mounting evidence that antidepressants are linked with violent and aggressive behavior may have dangerous consequences.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • It’s a Crime: Reexamining the Successful Use of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as a Legal Defense to Child Sexual Assault in the Canadian Case of R. v. BorschGo to article: It’s a Crime: Reexamining the Successful Use of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as a Legal Defense to Child Sexual Assault in the Canadian Case of R. v. Borsch

    It’s a Crime: Reexamining the Successful Use of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as a Legal Defense to Child Sexual Assault in the Canadian Case of R. v. Borsch

    Article

    This article discusses the 2006 Canadian case of R. v. Borsch in which posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was successfully used as the basis for an insanity defense in a child sexual assault case. It is argued that there is no scientific evidence of a causal link between PTSD and violent criminal behavior. The facts of the Borsch case are discussed in order to highlight the illegitimacy of basing an insanity defense on PTSD. The court’s drawing of a causal link in Borsch between the defendant’s alleged PTSD and his committing a child sexual assault creates a maladaptive culturally defined belief system. That belief system assigns to defendants an alleged entitlement, due to PTSD, to commit violent acts by holding these acts to be an inevitable outcome for a variety of reasons in the particular instance. The similarities between PTSD and the so-called “culture-bound” mental disorder of “amok” are also discussed.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Methylphenidate-Induced Neuropathology in the Developing Rat Brain: Implications for HumansGo to article: Methylphenidate-Induced Neuropathology in the Developing Rat Brain: Implications for Humans

    Methylphenidate-Induced Neuropathology in the Developing Rat Brain: Implications for Humans

    Article
    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Pouvez-vous m’indiquer une technique efficace d’auto-apaisement que mes clients puissent utiliser chez eux en cas de stress ?Go to article: Pouvez-vous m’indiquer une technique efficace d’auto-apaisement que mes clients puissent utiliser chez eux en cas de stress ?

    Pouvez-vous m’indiquer une technique efficace d’auto-apaisement que mes clients puissent utiliser chez eux en cas de stress ?

    Article

    Note de l’Editeur: les Questions & Réponses cliniques sont une rubrique régulière de la revue. Des cliniciens chevronnés y répondent à la question posée par un lecteur face à une difficulté clinique. Dans ce numéro, les réponses viennent de deux cliniciens qui sont superviseurs EMDR certifiés: Farnsworth Lobenstine, travailleur social clinicien qui exerce en libéral à Amherst, Massachusetts, et Elan Shapiro, psychologue libéral de la région de Haïfa, en Israël. Les lecteurs peuvent adresser leurs questions à journal.org.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Abnormal Psychology Textbooks: Valid Science or Political PropagandaGo to article: Abnormal Psychology Textbooks: Valid Science or Political Propaganda

    Abnormal Psychology Textbooks: Valid Science or Political Propaganda

    Article

    It is argued that an examination of various abnormal psychology textbooks reveals that they read more like political propaganda than fair, valid science. All of the examined texts conformed closely to the psychiatric medical model as represented by the latest version Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Occasional critiques were levied at the DSM, but they were invariably dismissed and not debated in any serious manner. All of the texts involved in this study invoked the name of psychiatric critic Thomas Szasz and either dismissed his ideas without adequate representation or stated that he need not be taken seriously because he is too radical or possibly disturbed. All manner of assertions were present in these tomes as to the validity of the biogenic etiology of the disorders discussed without either presenting valid empirical evidence to support the assertions or discussing the rich and varied literature that refutes the biogenic hypotheses. It is concluded that students are not being served by these expensive textbooks and should be exposed to a variety of primary source material representing the many sides of conflict within the mental health field.

    Source:
    Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Protocole EMDR pour le traitement d’incidents critiques récents : un essai contrôlé randomisé dans un contexte de catastrophe technologiqueGo to article: Protocole EMDR pour le traitement d’incidents critiques récents : un essai contrôlé randomisé dans un contexte de catastrophe technologique

    Protocole EMDR pour le traitement d’incidents critiques récents : un essai contrôlé randomisé dans un contexte de catastrophe technologique

    Article

    Cette recherche visait à évaluer l’efficacité du protocole de désensibilisation et de retraitement par les mouvements oculaires pour les incidents critiques récents (EMDR-PRECI) pour réduire les symptômes de stress post-traumatique liés à l’explosion d’une usine d’explosifs, au nord de Mexico, qui avait coûté la vie à sept salariés. On a administré l’EMDR-PRECI pendant deux journées consécutives à 25 rescapés présentant des symptômes de stress post-traumatique liés à l’incident critique. La moyenne des résultats des participants, au SPRINT (entretien bref d’évaluation de l’ESPT — Short PTSD Rating Interview), était de 22, bien supérieure à la valeur seuil clinique de 14. Ils furent assignés de façon aléatoire à deux conditions de traitement (l’une en traitement immédiat et l’autre en liste d’attente/traitement différé) et la thérapie fut mise en place dans les quinze jours qui suivirent l’explosion. Les résultats montrèrent un effet principal significatif pour le facteur de condition, F(1, 80) = 67.04, p < .000. Les résultats SPRINT étaient significativement différents au cours du temps, démontrant l’efficacité de la thérapie EMDR sur la durée, F(3, 80) = 150.69, p < .001. On trouva également un effet d’interaction important entre condition et temps, F(2, 80) = 55.45, p < .001. La mesure de temps 2 mit en évidence des différences significatives entre les deux conditions de traitement (post-traitement immédiat vs. post-traitement différé), t(11) = -10.08, p < .000. Les effets du traitement s’étaient maintenus lors du suivi, 90 jours plus tard. Les résultats montrèrent également une amélioration subjective importante chez les participants. Cet essai contrôlé randomisé fournit une preuve de l’efficacité de l’EMDR-PRECI à réduire les symptômes de stress post-traumatique consécutifs à une catastrophe technologique.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Conceptualization of Parenting Stress in the Context of EMDR TherapyGo to article: Conceptualization of Parenting Stress in the Context of EMDR Therapy

    Conceptualization of Parenting Stress in the Context of EMDR Therapy

    Article

    Shapiro’s adaptive information processing (AIP) model hypothesizes that chronic parenting stress may result from past distressing parental experiences that were not adaptively processed. Our correlational study conducted a preliminary test of the AIP model to determine if current levels of parenting stress were associated with the number of reported distressing parental experiences. Thirty-five parents, whose children were being treated in a community clinic, were interviewed to identify memories of events related to the onset and aggravation of parenting stress. Standardized measure of present parenting stress was obtained. Regression analysis indicated that the number of reported unprocessed parenting experiences was a strong predictor for the level of parenting stress. The results support the AIP conceptualization of parenting stress and are discussed in the context of the development of an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) intervention to reduce parenting stress.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy Scripted Protocols and Summary Sheets: Treating Eating Disorders, Chronic Pain, and Maladaptive Self-Care Behaviors, edited by Marilyn LuberGo to article: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy Scripted Protocols and Summary Sheets: Treating Eating Disorders, Chronic Pain, and Maladaptive Self-Care Behaviors, edited by Marilyn Luber

    Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy Scripted Protocols and Summary Sheets: Treating Eating Disorders, Chronic Pain, and Maladaptive Self-Care Behaviors, edited by Marilyn Luber

    Article
    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research

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