Aim: An National Health Service (NHS) mental health trust developed a pathway offering eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) to healthcare professionals (HCPs). This research aimed to evaluate whether EMDR was linked to improvements in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sought to understand the experiences of service users. Method: Pre- and post-outcome measures of the Impact of Events Scale—Revised, patient health questionnaire-9, generalized anxiety disorder-7, and work and social adjustment scale were evaluated. Subsequently, a feedback survey was circulated to those who had accessed the service. Results: Analysis revealed statistically significant improvements in measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and functioning. The service was rated highly for accessibility and experience. Perceived treatment effectiveness was variable; however, reliving symptoms and sickness absence were reduced, and improvements made during therapy were reportedly maintained. Conclusion: This service evaluation offers preliminary support for the use of EMDR as a useful intervention for HCW. Recommendations that may be more broadly applicable for service development and considerations for future research are discussed.

Objective: Many thousands of people still receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) but it remains highly contested. A recent audit of the United Kingdom patient information leaflets found multiple inaccuracies and omissions, minimizing risks and exaggerating benefits (e.g., only six leaflets mentioned cardiovascular events). This study reports efforts to improve accuracy for patients and families. Methods: Letters were sent twice to managers of all 51 United Kingdom National Health Service Trusts, (regional bodies which deliver most healthcare) detailing the audit’s findings and the accuracy of their own Trust’s leaflet, also asking what changes would be undertaken. Results: Only nine Trusts responded and three committed to improvements. The Royal College of Psychiatrists released a slightly better but still highly misleading information sheet. Efforts to engage Government and all other relevant United Kingdom bodies failed. Conclusions: Trusts are unwilling to correct misinformation/ provide balanced information.

Mainstream psychiatry is unable to decide on its model of mental disorder. While the great bulk of research is biologically oriented, many practitioners prefer a more holistic model integrating biological, psychological, and social factors. The “biopsychosocial model” attributed to George Engel appears to offer theoretical support, but the evidence is that it does not exist in any form suitable for science. This puts psychiatry in an invidious position, exposed to allegations of misconduct with no obvious defense.

In 1962, in the wake of the thalidomide crisis, a new Amendment to the Food and Drugs Act introduced Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) into the regulations governing the licensing of medicines. It was believed that requiring companies to demonstrate their products were effective through RCTs would contribute to safety. In 1962, RCTs were a little-understood technique. It was thought trials would produce generalizable knowledge with similar outcomes for successive trials. As a result, regulators adopted a criterion of two positive placebo-controlled trials for licensing medicine. For physicians keen to stall therapeutic bandwagons and eliminate ineffective treatments, a negative RCT result was a good outcome. When it made a gateway to the market, companies, in contrast, had an interest to transform RCTs from assessments that might throw up unexpected or negative results into Randomized Controlled Assays (RCAs) that efficiently generated approvable results. This article outlines the differences between RCTs and RCAs, the steps companies took to transform RCTs into RCAs, and the consequences of this transformation.

The goal of the study was to determine factors associated with domestic violence in menopausal women. This was a cross-sectional study that 350 menopausal women participated. Data gathering used a World Health Organization’s violence against women instrument. Emotional violence was recognized as one of the most experienced types of domestic violence (48%). According to the multivariate logistic regression model, the status of exposure to sexual violence (before marriage) and the partner’s substance abuse was the most robust risk factors for domestic violence, while factors such as employment of women and satisfaction of income were protective against domestic violence. This study has highlighted the factors associated with domestic violence that health program managers need to address.

Hispanic/Latinx individuals disproportionately experience intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to their non-Hispanic/Latinx counterparts, and little is known about IPV among college-aged Hispanic/Latinx students. This study examines the rates of IPV victimization and perpetration and their correlates among Hispanic/Latinx and non-Hispanic White college students by analyzing cross-sectional survey data of 3,397 Hispanic/Latinx and White college students enrolled in seven universities. Compared to their White counterparts, Hispanic/Latinx students reported higher rates of IPV victimization and perpetration. Age, gender, drug use, and adverse childhood experience were associated with both IPV victimization and perpetration, while ethnicity was only associated with IPV perpetration. This study’s findings highlight the urgent need for more culturally sensitive IPV prevention services and responses to support Hispanic/Latinx college students.

On American college campuses, numerous students have died as a result of hazing activities perpetrated in fraternities, sororities, and other student groups. Still, little is known about the common characteristics among these hazing deaths. This study aims to investigate the circumstances surrounding these fatal incidents by examining hazing deaths that occurred at institutions of higher education in the United States from 1994 to 2019. This analysis revealed common characteristics related to the victims, organizations, institutions, incidents, and outcomes of these deaths. The findings support past hazing research, as victims were predominantly males pledging social fraternities. Although hazing deaths were widespread, there was variation among institutional characteristics, region, and size. The perpetrators of these incidents faced legal ramifications, including criminal convictions and civil lawsuits. The recognition of these trends can improve our understanding of the conditions present when dangerous hazing activities occur and the best practices for prevention and response.

The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal mediationa(l pathways on the link between various straining experiences and suicidal ideation and to test whether its relationship was mediated by the role of negative emotions, constraints, and motivations. Data for this study were collected as part of the Korean Welfare Panel Study, which was a longitudinal study conducted among 7,027 Korean households, surveyed annually from 2006 to 2012. The results indicated that bullying victimization had important effects on negative emotions, although bullying victimization was not significant for later suicidal ideation. Peer delinquency was significantly correlated with negative emotions and positively predicted later suicidal ideation. Also, the significant impact of bullying victimization was transmitted to suicidal ideation through negative emotions. It implies that individuals’ negative life events predicted strain or stressors generating negative emotions that, in turn, led to a high risk of suicidal ideation as a possible coping skill.

This research first aimed to test the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a model to understand the intentions to call a helpline of victimized males and females. A sample of 99 participants (53 males; 46 females) who were suffering violence at the time of participation were considered for analysis. Our results indicate that males and females’ attitudes and subjective norms significantly predicted intentions. Second, this study aimed to measure Gender Role Conflict (GRC) in victimized men and test its association with TPB constructs. GRC occurs when rigid, sexist, or restrictive gender roles result in the restriction, devaluation, or violation of others or the self. Our results indicate that GRC was only negatively associated with perceived behavioral control. Additionally, in our sample of men who filled the GRC measure (n = 245), victimized men reported significantly higher GRC than non-victimized men. Overall, our findings indicate gender specificities in the intentions to call a helpline and suggest that GRC plays an important role in seeking help for men.

Research on the role that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) plays as a moderator of the relationship between exposure to violence and violent recidivism is limited. The Pathways to Desistance data were analyzed to examine these relationships. Survival analysis was used to examine ADHD as a risk factor predicting time to violent recidivism. Cox-proportional hazard modeling was used to assess the impact of ADHD on violent recidivism risk and examine ADHD as a moderator of the relationship between exposure to violence and violent recidivism. Results indicated that ADHD predicted quicker time to recidivism. The effect of witnessed violence was significantly weaker for participants with ADHD at baseline than those without ADHD at baseline. The direct effect of ADHD diagnosis at baseline on violent recidivism risk was only significant when the hypothesized interaction terms were included in the model. These findings suggest that individuals with ADHD may be less vulnerable to the impact of witnessing violence on their own risk for perpetrating violence. Effective targeting of treatment should be understood within this context.

There is a dearth of research on the relation of men’s cumulative experiences of nonintimate victimization (polyvictimization) to their victimization in intimate relationships. This study examines the association between nonintimate polyvictimization (including being abused as a child, cyberbullied, stalked, physically assaulted, and experiencing property crime) and the severity of intimate partner violence victimization in men. The sample of 8,784 men in current married/common-law relationships was drawn from a random sample of the 2014 Canadian General Social Survey. About 3% of the men (an estimate of about 265,000 men in Canada) experienced the most severe forms of partner abuse, including the combination of emotional abuse and controlling behaviors, physical violence, and the resulted injuries. Among these severely abused men, about one-third were polyvictims. As expected, a nonintimate polyvictimization predicted the increased severity of male partner abuse victimization, controlling for sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of preventing nonintimate polyvictimization of men that can help reduce their partner violence victimization.

This study was designed to shed light on the relationship between victimization and offending, a pattern commonly known as the victim–offender overlap, by exploring whether victimization and pessimism toward the future interact in association with self-reported delinquency. This study was performed on 1,300 (444 males, 645 females, and 211 sex not identified) members of the 2018 High School Senior Monitoring the Future cross-sectional study. Multiple regression analysis was conducted using a maximum likelihood estimator and bias-corrected bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals. The analysis revealed that victimization and the victimization × pessimism interaction correlated significantly with delinquency, after controlling for a series of demographic, family, and peer factors. These results indicate that pessimism toward the future may exacerbate the already strong relationship known to exist between victimization and delinquency.

The pandemic has shined a light on the universal experience of human suffering as a phenomenon that connects the lives of people across the world. Suffering is a profoundly personal experience, yet we also experience shared suffering. Reflective nursing practice serves as an essential foundation for engaging in self-awareness, embracing shared vulnerability, and exercising self-care that bolsters the delivery of compassionate nursing care across patient populations and communities. The well-being of a nurse is a collective responsibility among stakeholders, and a systems-level approach acknowledges the importance of self-care and invests in formal strategies that support the long-term well-being of the nursing workforce. By doing so, the needs of the suffering may be meaningfully addressed.

Students’ mental health issues are noteworthy. This study examined nursing students’ perceived stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and relationships among stress, PTSD, faculty support, and caring behaviors. Ninety-five undergraduate nursing students in the United States participated in the study. More than 90% of the students reported moderate to high levels of stress. Forty-three students (45.3%) scored over 31 points on the PTSD checklist. Students’ stress was positively correlated with PTSD but with no significant associations with their caring behaviors. Faculty support was negatively correlated with perceived stress and PTSD, indicating the significant influence of faculty support on students’ mental health.

Professional selfhood (PSH) is the embodiment of an individual’s social location influenced by being in and with the world. PSH informs our evolving professional journey as nurses. As our journeys are never singular, community formation to support this evolution is vital. Utilizing body mapping as an aesthetic methodology was enhanced through reflexivity situated in a critical hermeneutic circle. The phenomenon of interest in the original research study of six novice nurses was how the tension between what they desire to do and what they were able to do, lived in and on their bodies. This is our story, as a community of artists and researchers, who were inspired by a Critical Hermeneutic Circle the ongoing nurturance to enter this brave space to re-imagine our evolving PSH.

The use of psychological debriefing (PD) to stave off the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has long been a controversial topic, hampered by the lack of congruent empirical evidence. This issue, PD within a healthcare setting, will be examined utilizing aspects of the theory of bureaucratic caring. Current findings suggest the popularity and recommendation of PD among the administrative staff of hospitals and individual employees but this is in direct contrast with numerous authors and global health governing bodies who discredit implementation. Overall, support for PD is not substantive, and implementation may increase the prevalence of PTSD among its participants. This dire consequence may, in turn, increase the economic and political burden of the healthcare system and poor health outcomes for participants. Awareness of the conflicting research may offer perspectives on (a) best practice standards, (b) the allocation of mental health resources, and (c) the creation of quality practice environments.

Caring is a core value of nursing and is often incorporated in nursing curricula. A qualitative research study was conducted based on Gadamer’s philosophical viewpoints to collect, analyze, and interpret aesthetic expressions of caring in nursing by Thai undergraduate students of nursing. Participants were 41 second-year baccalaureate degree nursing students from a university in Thailand. Data generated were graphic illustrations and short descriptions and narrative statements, which were analyzed and interpreted using thematic analysis. Trustworthiness was established following Lincoln and Guba’s criteria. Meanings of caring in nursing revealed five thematic categories: (a) nurturing wholeness of persons, (b) practicing aesthetic caring in nursing, (c) sharing self with honesty and trust, (d) helping persons using multiple processes, and (e) enhancing personhood. This study described caring in nursing as focused on persons, human relationships, and nursing processes of caring that enhance personhood. These findings inform professional nursing education toward a transformative caring process for students of nursing who are imbued with caring attributes.

What could be learned if we viewed our profession with the same compassion and understanding that we give to our patients? Applying caring science theory to the nursing profession offers a framework that is broad enough to hold the complex and broad narratives of every nurse. Using the caritas process of loving kindness and creative problem-solving, a care plan for the nursing profession evolved. A care plan for nursing provides nurses with a common lens, invites them to heal their profession from their own praxis, and creates hope and optimism for a collective path forward.

Bridging the gap between theory and practice, this study yielded a reliable and valid measure for responsible financial behaviors with the potential to serve practitioners when working with consumers. This research utilized Bandura’s Triadic Model of Causation (Bandura, 1985) to investigate and predict responsible financial behaviors. Data from the 2009, 2012, and 2018 National Financial Capability Study surveys were used to construct a responsible financial behaviors index with five subconstructs for time horizon, money management, risk management, debt awareness, and ownership of baseline financial accounts. Results from a series of regression models identified consistent relationships between the index and variables categorized as cognitive factors (financial knowledge, financial self-efficacy, and financial risk tolerance) and background characteristics (educational attainment, income, and marital status).

Introduction: As an innovative procedure, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) 2.0, which is based on standard EMDR, draws attention with its promising results. The adaptation of EMDR 2.0 to groups will be a significant contribution to the psychology literature. Considering the effectiveness of EMDR 2.0 on individual applications, this is a preliminary study that aims to explore the role of EMDR 2.0 on groups by developing the EMDR 2.0 group protocol (EMDR 2.0 GP).

Methods: In this pilot study, EMDR 2.0 GP is applied to a group of seven participants who had been exposed to a traffic incident. The role of EMDR 2.0 GP (three sessions; 3.5 hours in total) on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, anxiety, and stress was measured. The Impact of Event Scale—Revised and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were used to assess these symptoms at pretreatment, one-week posttreatment, and one-month posttreatment.

Results: The participants (mean age = 47.14 ± 9.65) with a traffic accident experience (mean of the time elapsed = 88.57 ± 38.24 months) received EMDR 2.0 GP. Results showed that the EMDR 2.0 group had significantly lower depression (χ² [2, n = 7] = 9.364, p = .009, Kendall’s W = .668) and stress (χ² [2, n = 7] = 8.667, p = .013, Kendall’s W = .619) on the subscales of DASS-21 and lower intrusions (χ² [2, n = 7] = 6.333, p = .042, Kendall’s W = .452), avoidance (χ² [2, n = 7] = 7.280, p = .026, Kendall’s W = .520), and hyperarousal (χ² [2, n = 7]) = 10.800, p = .005, Kendall’s W = .771) at posttreatment.

Conclusion: The pilot study of EMDR 2.0 GP indicated that this newly developed protocol that was first applied to the group may be effective in reducing depression, stress, and PTSD symptoms among a nonclinical sample. This pilot study supports future randomized controlled EMDR GP applications.

Research has highlighted the negative effects of early neglect and abuse on the development of emotional self-regulation and attachment. Attention has focused more on negative affect states related to past adverse and traumatic experiences than on the deactivating effects of the absence of early shared positive affect states from parent-infant play, warmth, and affection. Treatment strategies for survivors of early neglect and abuse have focused on methods to metabolize memories of traumatic events. Skills development models have emphasized the benefits of distress tolerance, acceptance, and mindfulness training for patients with persistent negative affect states. Research on the benefits of therapeutic interventions intended to increase positive affect indicates they promote prosocial behaviors and creativity, broaden the scope of attention, reduce emotional symptoms and behavioral problems, and improve physical health. Within the field of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, procedures to increase positive affect have generally focused on resource development and installation procedures intended to increase access to positive affect-related memories and images. A neglected clinical issue is the inability of survivors of early neglect to tolerate and integrate actual positive interpersonal experience into positive emotional states, interpersonal scripts, or self-concepts. These deficiencies, characteristic of those with dismissing insecure attachment, help produce and maintain profound psychological, medical, and social problems that limit the ability of patients with these histories from progressing in psychotherapy. This article explores research supporting the potential benefits of an EMDR-related procedure, the positive affect tolerance (PAT) and integration protocol, along with possible mechanisms by which the PAT protocol in general, and its bilateral stimulation procedures, might produce clinical benefits for survivors of early neglect. Case vignettes illustrate the potential challenges of implementing and the potential impact of the PAT protocol. Research designs and assessment tools are described that could clarify the potential benefits of the PAT protocol compared to other treatments designed to increase positive affect.

The triadic therapy based on somatic eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for complex posttraumatic stress disorder (TSP) is a combination therapy, which comprises simplified EMDR, a triplet of micro-dose medicines, and a pair of Chinese medicines. The EMDR procedure is a tactile bilateral stimulation on the body surface with minimum verbal intervention within 15 minutes every two weeks in a period of 2–3 months. In this study, 22 adult patients were treated with TSP. The Impact of Event Scale—Revised, Beck Depression Inventory (second edition), and Global Assessment of Functioning scores of the patients were significantly improved. Moreover, TSP is a safe treatment procedure in terms of titration, cost-effectiveness, and time-effectiveness. It could also treat multiple difficulties in patients with cPTSD from medical problems to socioeconomic problems.

Purpose: COVID-19 is an unprecedented pandemic that has caused an increase in the intimate partner violence (IPV) victims rate, and social service-providing agencies shifted to emergency online and distance service-providing systems. In our study, we aimed to explore the experiences of IPV service providers during this pandemic.

Method: We used a cross-sectional qualitative method containing some quantitative questions. Data were collected by conducting 15 in-depth interviews and a survey with the service providers (22–65 years old) from six IPV service-providing agencies that are located in the Dallas-Forth Worth metroplex in North Central Texas. We used a phenomenological hermeneutical method to capture the service providers’ experiences.

Results: Four key themes highlight the essence of the experiences of the IPV service providers while providing the services during COVID-19. The four major themes are (a) experiences with telehealth, (b) barriers to social and legal services, (c) altered relationships, and (d) mental health impacts. In addition, a few subthemes are explored under the first three major themes. The service providers we interviewed provided details and vital information regarding challenges, adaptations, and resilience they experienced to assist the most disadvantaged group of the population.

Conclusion: This study will contribute to making attention to improving facilities, accessibility, and resources for both service providers and their clients. Findings highlight the need for agency owners and policymakers to consider more multimodal and creative solutions for such a vulnerable population and their service providers.

This article presents a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the Johnny Depp and Amber Heard case in news media. The aim of the current research is to allow for an in-depth analysis of how a range of news media outlets used discourse to frame intimate partner violence (IPV) in modern news media. A synthesis of previous literature revealed methodological limitations and a potential research bias in the existing body of research addressing news media discourse regarding IPV. The current study utilized a sample of 12 articles from three news media outlets of distinct political orientations that were analyzed following guidelines on maintaining quality in CDA. Two discursive strategies are presented in this article: (a) predication and argumentation; (b) the construction of ingroups and outgroups. This article argues that these strategies were used to discredit the experience of Depp and create perceived ingroups and outgroups throughout the discourse. It is also noted that this sample of articles only highlighted instances of physical violence. Future research should investigate the effect this representation of IPV may have on consumers of news media, as societal expectations may inform help seeking.

This study investigates the prevalence of coping strategies (CSs) among women with intimate partner violence (IPV) experience in Jordan and the relationships between types of IPV, demographic factors, and CSs (problem-focused strategies [PFS], emotion-focused strategies [EFS], and avoidance-oriented strategies [AOS]) that they use. It also explores the predicting factors affecting the types of CSs applied. Eighty-nine Jordanian and Syrian women who experienced abuse were involved in the study. The data were collected using the revised version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (Straus et al., 1996) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations: Situation-Specific Scale (Endler & Parker, 1990). The results indicated a moderate use of PFS and EFS and mid-to-high use of AOS. The psychological aggression and physical violence, injuries, help-seeking, education level, children, and marriage duration were significantly related to the use of all three strategies. Employment status, age, legal residency, and negotiation skills had no significant relationships with the used CSs. The regression results indicated that children, psychological aggression, and asking for help predicted 49% and 41% of the covariance of using PFS and EFS, respectively, while the number of children, physical violence, and injuries predicted 81% of the covariance of using AOS. The study suggested the importance of supportive social services for women with IPV experiences. The clinical practice implications for helping women who experience IPV and future research were discussed.

This qualitative study explores available intimate partner violence (IPV) intervention programs offered in Saskatchewan, Canada, a province with a substantial rural population and a high rate of IPV. Given these unique circumstances, it was necessary to investigate what IPV interventions are currently available and if professionals who work at these programs feel these programs are effectively meeting the needs of men who have perpetrated IPV and working toward reducing rates of IPV in the province. Interview respondents represented IPV intervention programs based in mental health, community corrections, and community-based organizations. Taken together, information shared by the professionals who work at these IPV intervention programs provides an overview of the current state of intervention programs offered in Saskatchewan, including the extent to which interventions align with the Principles of Effective Intervention (PEI). Findings include differences in the delivery of IPV interventions in rural communities and highlight challenges in delivering group interventions for clients who perpetrate different types of IPV, have different criminogenic needs, and have varying levels of risk. Findings inform recommendations for policy and practice, including the need for training for IPV intervention professionals, increased public awareness about IPV interventions, and incorporation of the PEI. Findings also inform recommendations for research, including longitudinal evaluations of outcomes for participants from various programs that incorporate data from multiple sources.

This study aims to determine the prevalence and the associated factors of domestic violence (DV) against pregnant women in Northeast India. The present study considers ever-married women who have experienced violence during any pregnancy. The association between DV and all socioeconomic variables that are thought to be associated with DV is examined using the bivariate analysis, which produces chi-square p-values for the significance of the measure of association. A logistic regression model is fitted using the significant covariates in the bivariate analysis and computes the relative risks of categorical variables via the odds ratios. About 2% of women experienced DV during any pregnancy in the region. During any pregnancy, the main perpetrators of violence are the husbands (74.1%) and the former husband or partner (10.5%). The main risk factors for violence during pregnancy were alcohol use by the husband and the low-income group. Urban women experienced more violence than rural women. Women who divorced and no longer lived with their husbands in Northeastern India experienced more abuse during pregnancy than women still living with their husbands. Current or former husbands are mostly responsible for violence during pregnancy.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is common during pregnancy and can have adverse mental health outcomes in women. Our objective was to evaluate the association between IPV and symptoms of depression in Peruvian pregnant women.

Methods: In this study, we performed a secondary analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey, ENDES 2013–2019. The study population consisted of a subsample of married or cohabiting Peruvian pregnant women. IPV was defined as any reported violence (psychological, physical, or sexual) committed by the last partner of women. The symptoms of depression were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Poisson regression-generalized linear models were used to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results: Overall IPV was 11.64%. The prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual IPV was 6.92%, 8.56%, and 1.12%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, IPV was associated with the symptoms of depression (aPR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.88–2.73; p < 0.001). Likewise, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were also associated with the symptoms of depression (aPR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.65–2.50; p < 0.001, aPR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.91–2.86; p < 0.001, aPR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.45–3.68; p <0.001).

Conclusion: One in 10 pregnant women experienced IPV, the most frequent type being physical violence. One in four pregnant women experiences depressive disorders. Furthermore, the presence of psychological, physical, or sexual violence independently doubles the probability of the occurrence of depression in Peruvian pregnant women.

This article proposes a machine-learning-based method that can predict individuals’ savings behavior in the presence of mental accounting. The proposed predictive model perceives wealth and consumption as each being divided into three nonfungible distinct classes, as posited by the mental accounting theory. The predictive model found that mental accounting categories do have predictive power on savings behavior where expenditure on discretionary items and current income are most important. Savings behavior is best predicted by the random forest model based on the Malaysia Ageing and Retirement Survey data.

In 1990, the Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning (JFCP) was established. The journal publishes academic research on consumer financial decision-making, financial education, counseling, and planning. This article reviews the journal’s contents published during the period 1990–2022. It analyzes JFCP’s publication trends, citation statistics, significant themes, authors’ collaborations, keywords, and contributions to the literature of consumer finance. Most studies employed Life Cycle Hypothesis and Expected Utility Theory. JFCP publishes mostly US-based quantitative empirical studies. JFCP’s eight knowledge themes are credit card behavior; financial literacy and financial behavior; financial risk tolerance; financial education, and financial behavior; financial distress and financial self-efficacy; financial well-being; workplace financial education and financial help-seeking behavior, and JFCP’s retrospection. Among JFCP’s articles, the most used keywords selected by authors are “survey of consumer finances” and “financial literacy.” This study also describes the author, country, and concept networks.

This article examines the relationship between the financial risk-taking behavior of individual investors and their subjective and objective knowledge. The data come from multiple waves of surveys conducted by the National Financial Capability Study between 2009 and 2018. We hypothesize that subjective knowledge will have a greater association with risk tolerance than objective knowledge of individual investors. Regression models are estimated with least squares as well as with the ordered logit method. Estimation results show that individual investors’ risk tolerance behavior is associated more with their subjective knowledge than their objective knowledge. This is true in all four surveys separately and in the combined sample. Additionally, as hypothesized, the relative influence of subjective knowledge on risk tolerance, compared to objective knowledge, increases as the survey periods move further away from the financial recession of 2007–2008. This article has important implications for behavioral and personal finance researchers, financial advisors, and regulators.

Emerging research in animal models and healthy women indicates that the sex hormone estradiol may moderate fear of extinction. There is limited research on estradiol in exposure-based therapy among clinically anxious women. The current pilot study aimed to address this gap by comparing exposure outcomes in women with panic disorder (PD) who had high (HE) vs. low estradiol (LE). Twenty-eight women (14 per group) with PD completed two interoceptive exposure sessions on consecutive days as well as self-report measures of panic severity. Electrodermal activity was assessed continuously throughout the exposure sessions. Results showed that although anxiety sensitivity and subjective distress improved from pre- to postexposure, suggesting that the intervention was effective in reducing panic-related anxiety, there were no differences in outcomes between the HE and LE groups. The findings suggest that estradiol may not moderate outcomes in exposure therapy in clinically anxious samples, although replication in larger samples will be needed.

Nonprofit organizations and regional universities have increasingly offered professional development opportunities for potential personal finance teachers as states and school districts have increasingly required high school students to take personal finance courses. Yet, current measures on teacher confidence and dispositions shadow these updates. This article employs unique data on high school teachers to estimate their confidence levels, professional development take-up, and attitudes about teaching personal finance courses in schools. The results show that 95% of teachers are confident in teaching personal finance. Teachers with licensure outside of business or economics were more likely to take up professional development in personal finance instruction. Meanwhile, 86% of teachers support a graduation requirement for personal finance instruction in high school. These findings suggest that high schools have the capacity to teach personal finance but also underscore the need for low-cost, easily accessible professional development opportunities.

Objective: This study investigated the roles of adherence and usage activity in adolescents’ (n = 161) gains during a 5-week web intervention program based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).

Method: Program adherence was calculated as adherence percentage in relation to intended usage, whereas completion percentage, usage time, and usage weeks were used as indicators for usage activity. Subjective well-being was measured by self-reported life satisfaction and stress before and after the intervention.

Results: First, regression analysis results showed that higher adherence predicted an increase in life satisfaction during intervention. Second, three subgroups of adolescents were identified using K-means cluster analysis in regard to adherence, usage activity and intervention gains: (1) “Adhered, committed users with relatively large intervention gains” (35%), (2) “Less committed users with no intervention gains” (42%), and (3) “Non-committed users with no intervention gains” (23%). The results showed that the highest gains from the Youth Compass intervention program are most likely obtained when the program is used as intended in its design. In addition, time investment and engagement in doing exercises seem as important as filling the minimum adherence criterion.

Conclusions: The results support the feasibility of ACT-based web intervention programs in promoting adolescent well-being, although more attention should be paid to motivating adolescents to commit to them and invest enough time in them.

A fearful temperament in childhood is associated with child internalizing symptoms. However, the cognitive mechanisms explaining this association are poorly understood. We examined the effects of child fearful temperament on child internalizing symptoms and the underlying role of catastrophizing cognitions among clinically anxious youth. Children (N = 105; M_age = 10.09 years, SD = 1.22; 56.7% female; 62% ethnic minority) completed a diagnostic interview; self-report measures of temperament, catastrophizing, and internalizing symptoms; and behaviorally-indexed measures of catastrophizing and anxiety. Indirect effects were found for child fearful temperament on child self-reported internalizing symptoms by way of self-reported (but not behaviorally-indexed) catastrophizing cognitions. Models predicting behaviorally-indexed child anxiety were not significant. Our findings suggest that targeting fearful temperament during childhood before catastrophizing cognitions develop may have clinical utility. Likewise, among children temperamentally at-risk, addressing catastrophic cognitions may prevent later internalizing psychopathology.

This study provides theory and evidence on the relation between financial literacy overconfidence (FLO) and high-cost borrowing and its mediation and moderation through mobile financial services (MFS). We investigate whether MFS carry the effect of FLO on the household demand for alternative financial services (AFS), such as payday loans. Using the 2018 National Financial Capability Study, we show that using MFS both mediates and moderates the effect of FLO on the use of AFS. We find that unbanked households, who make up around 5% of the sample, are twice as likely to take out payday loans and three times as likely to use AFS than households with access to the banking system. Estimates show that 4% of the total effect of FLO on using AFS and taking out payday loans is mediated by using MFS. We find that households who use MFS are two to three times more likely to access AFS and take out payday loans than those who do not use MFS.

None of the currently used financial inclusion measurement indices covers savings, credit, remittance, and insurance services across access, usage, quality, and outcome dimensions as per globally accepted operational definitions of financial inclusion. Different indices have different combinations of financial inclusion indicators with some focusing on quantitative aspects and others on behavioral aspects alone. This makes the cross-cultural comparison of financial inclusion very difficult. The proliferation of new indices also hampers systematic knowledge advancement with significant disconnect between theory and practice. This paper analyses various loopholes in existing financial inclusion measurement methods and presents a very simple, flexible, innovative yet comprehensive measurement framework with immense theoretical, practical, and policy implications using India as the context.

The mounting educational loan delinquency is compelling bankers to discover various methods to reduce defaults in educational loan repayment. Policymakers emphasize designing a self-sustaining education financing model as a pathway to achieve inclusive education advocated by the United Nations. Willingness to repay is an attitudinal factor that envisages delinquency. With an aim to study the attitude of borrowers toward educational loan repayment using phenomenological research design, in-depth interviews were conducted with 40 postgraduate student borrowers from India to explore students’ loan repayment concerns. A qualitative data analysis software was used to consolidate data and visualize themes. The thematic analysis results include 11 subthemes classified under themes of positive and negative attitudes. Gratification, quality of life, and debt burden are the subthemes of negative attitude that may cause educational loan delinquency. Credit history, debt utility, financial knowledge, prioritizing repayment, integrity, and parenting practices are the subthemes of positive attitude that may help reduce educational loan delinquency. Practitioners in consumer finance can use the themes to assess the repayment attitude of the borrower, and educators can increase the financial knowledge of the borrowers.

This de-identified case study seeks to increase the understanding of the process and impact of modifying exposure and response prevention (ERP) to address obsessions associated with COVID-19. The case study presents the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder via televideo utilizing ERP for a woman who presented with difficulty with contamination and harm obsessions related to COVID-19. Over the course of 7 months, including an initial evaluation, this client attended 24 treatment sessions via synchronous video telehealth. Psychoeducation, self-monitoring, in vivo and imaginal exposures, response prevention, and behavioral activation strategies were utilized. Following treatment, this client was successfully managing symptoms and her scores on the Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Sheehan Disability Scale had decreased significantly.

This article uses unique survey data to examine the determinants and potential impacts of financial capability on the savings decisions of Thai industrial workers. A random sample of 352 individuals was interviewed, using the questionnaire to gather information on demographics and financial capability. It finds that less than half of the respondents were able to handle an emergency expense of 1 month’s income without borrowing. The results indicate that socioeconomic factors including education level, household income, and age are the key determinants of financial capability. Migrant workers from remote regions of the country are more likely to have a lower financial capability, especially in the financial knowledge component. An instrumental variable approach is used to investigate its potential impact on saving behavior. Overall, the strong and positive association between financial capability and savings adequacy suggests that financial education initiatives should place a strong emphasis on household budgeting and savings.

Background: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been shown to promote willingness to experience intrusive thoughts among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Exposure with response prevention (ERP) delivered from an ACT framework (i.e., ACT+ERP) may facilitate changes in how patients relate to their unwanted internal experiences.

Aims: Accordingly, the present study aimed to examine the effect of ACT+ERP on appraisals of intrusive thoughts, relative to standard ERP.

Methods: Forty-eight adults who received 16 treatment sessions as part of a randomized controlled trial comparing standard ERP to ACT+ERP completed the Interpretation of Intrusions Inventory (III) at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up.

Results: Results showed a significant main effect of time for all III subscales, suggesting that appraisals of intrusive thoughts shift over the course of treatment. The effect of the condition × time interaction, however, differed between the III subscales. Specifically, a significant interaction emerged for the control of thoughts subscale, such that individuals who received ACT+ERP experienced greater reductions in beliefs about the need to control thoughts. The interaction term was not significant for importance of thoughts or responsibility subscales.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that augmenting ERP with ACT enhances change in beliefs about the need to control thoughts, but not in beliefs about responsibility and the importance of thoughts. Clinical implications and future research directions will be discussed.

Background: While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) can lead to the normalization of fatigue levels and resumption of activities, a subgroup of patients still evaluates fatigue negatively.

Objective: The objective was to investigate whether eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy leads to a less negative evaluation of fatigue.

Method: This was a randomized single-case experimental study. Five CFS/ME patients (all female, mean age of 35 years), who had completed CBT but still evaluated fatigue negatively, received EMDR therapy. The primary outcome, that is, negative evaluation of fatigue, was assessed daily (three items, e.g., “My fatigue is frustrating”). During EMDR therapy sessions, distress in response to a selected image was measured. Clinical assessments were performed before, directly after, and one month after EMDR therapy.

Results: During EMDR therapy sessions, all patients reported high distress related to memories of having CFS/ME. EMDR therapy led to a reduction in this distress. Daily measured negative evaluations of fatigue declined in three patients, albeit not significantly. Three of five patients showed clinically relevant improvement in evaluations of fatigue on clinical pre-/post measures.

Conclusion: EMDR therapy can reduce emotional distress associated with fatigue, but it is unclear whether it can change its negative evaluation.

Early life stress (ELS) is associated with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), and trauma-focused psychotherapy benefits TRD patients exposed to ELS. We explored peripheral modulations of stress-response genes (nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 [NR3C1], FK506-binding protein 5 [FKBP5], and serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 [SGK1]) in relation to ELS and symptom changes during psychotherapy. Forty-one TRD patients participated and 21 patients underwent trauma-focused psychotherapy, comprising eye movement desensitization and reprocessing or trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. We used the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory for symptom evaluation, the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire for ELS assessment, and the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for transcript analysis. We found higher NR3C1 and FKBP5 baseline mRNA levels in patients with maternal neglect. Trauma-focused psychotherapy induced modifications in transcripts’ levels and symptom amelioration along psychotherapy correlated with genes’ modulations. Transcript levels for all genes were higher in patients relapsing after 24 weeks.

Survivors of sexual assault (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) report high rates of alcohol misuse and often receive services from community agencies. We conducted a qualitative study to examine barriers and facilitators to treatment for alcohol misuse after experiences of SA/IPV among survivors (N = 13) and victim service professionals (VSPs; N = 22) at community-based agencies using semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Survivors discussed seeking treatment for alcohol misuse when alcohol is being used to cope with SA/IPV-related distress and when alcohol use becomes problematic. Survivors identified that the stigma and acknowledgment of alcohol misuse are individual-level barriers and facilitators to treatment. System-level factors were also described including having access to treatment and sensitive providers. VSPs also discussed individual (e.g., stigma) and system (e.g., availability and quality of services) level barriers and facilitators to treatment for alcohol misuse. Results indicated several unique barriers and facilitators to treatment for alcohol misuse following SA/IPV.

The purpose of this concept analysis was to clarify the meaning of the sacred in nursing practice by applying Chinn and Kramer’s (2015) framework. Online word etymology published works of scholars and nurse theorists were the foundational sources for this concept analysis. Additionally, an extensive review of published nursing literature retrieved 42 records between the years 1987 and 2019. Three themes and seven subthemes were identified, which help to make meaning of this nursing concept. Major themes include encountering the sacred at the major life transitions, honoring the sacred during patient care, and acknowledging the sacred nature of the nursing practice.

Previous research has demonstrated the profound negative impact of both intimate partner violence (IPV) and parental alienation (PA) on both the mental and physical health of fathers. However, considering the increasing arguments for PA to be categorized and examined as a form of IPV, there is an urgent need to explore the impact of PA as part of a broader pattern of IPV. This is a particularly relevant line of inquiry for fathers, as men are largely invisibilized in research examining IPV. The present study analyzed qualitative responses to an online survey by 171 fathers who have experienced alienating behaviors within the context of IPV. Three themes were identified: impact on fathers (including health, finances, grief, identity, and relationships), perceived impact on children (including siblings and extended family, health and well-being, and loss of childhood), and impact on relationships with children (including lack of closeness, feeling responsible, and improvements over time). The impacts described by men are discussed in relation to the theoretical and practical relationship between IPV and PA, and the implications for support and help-seeking for men experiencing this form of abuse.

This study aimed to assess couple concordance in attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV) and its association with physical IPV against women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,201 nonsterilized women aged 18–29 years and their husbands. It was found that husbands were significantly more likely (69.9%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 67.3%, 72.5%) to justify IPV than wives (56.5%, 95% CI: 53.7%, 59.3%). Couples who both hold attitudes justifying IPV against women (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 3.5; 95% CI: 1.57%–8.00%) and couples where women hold these attitudes, but men do not (AOR: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.18–7.28), were more likely to report male-perpetrated IPV against women in the prior 12 months.

Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is based on the identification of dysfunctional processes and intervention principles shared across psychopathology. From a neuropsychological perspective, deficits of executive functions and social cognition have been identified as common mechanisms involved in the genesis and maintenance of different psychopathological disorders. The present article describes a new psychotherapy model, the integrated neuropsychological therapy (INPT), built on the principles of transdiagnostic CBT and neuropsychology. Case formulation is operationalized into three levels of functioning, that is, automatic, reflective, and strategic, considering both neuropsychological processes and clinical contents. Treatment planning involves three phases, that is, preparation, enhancement, and change, each consisting of different treatment modules defined according to the above levels of functioning. These modules are selected based on the patient’s profile defined during case formulation. The theoretical foundations of INPT are provided, and a case description is presented, which illustrates the implementation of the treatment model.

Cognitive fusion (CF) and experiential avoidance (EA) are two constructs of acceptance and commitment therapy that contribute to psychological distress. The current study aimed to examine whether CF and EA accounted for variance in the relationships between key cognitive maintaining factors of social anxiety and indicators of social anxiety. This issue was investigated using a longitudinal design in a nonclinical sample. Participants (N = 361) completed baseline measures of CF, EA, cognitive maintaining factors, and indicators of social anxiety, and the measures of indicators of social anxiety were recompleted 6 weeks later (N = 262). Results showed that baseline postevent processing had significant indirect effects on fear of negative evaluation at follow-up: (a) via CF, (b) via EA, and (c) via a serial pathway of CF → EA. Interventions that aim to reduce CF, in particular, may be a priority in reducing fear of negative evaluation associated with postevent processing.

A mental health treatment gap exists in which individuals who would benefit from evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) do not receive them. It is critical to take effective actions so that individuals with unmet mental health needs feel empowered to seek treatment. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) marketing meets this objective. DTC marketing is an effective, patient-centered approach that creates patient demand for a product or service by influencing patient behaviors, attitudes, and preferences. While primarily used in the United States and New Zealand to promote prescription drugs, uses and practices for DTC marketing with nonpharmaceutical EBPs are less established. This article highlights the value of leveraging this marketing approach to increase awareness and use of EBPs. Additionally, an illustrative example is presented that describes the use of social marketing and marketing mix principles to develop effective DTC marketing campaigns in psychotherapy practice.

The application of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for hoarding disorder (HD) is described. We describe the components of CBT for HD and provide examples of how this treatment was implemented with two individuals at our clinic, one in group treatment and the other in individual therapy. These case examples are used to highlight a process of troubleshooting common barriers to treatment, enhancing motivation, creating structure, and assessing treatment progress. We compare the group and individual treatment for HD and discuss the pros and cons of each approach. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of in-session practice, accountability and clear expectations, and realistic goal-setting across individual and group treatment. Finally, based on the cases included here, we highlight the need for additional research to extend CBT for HD (e.g., additional modules to help family members support a loved one in treatment for HD).

Heeding calls to examine multiple protective factors within single studies, this study tested whether resilience uniquely predicted higher life satisfaction and lower depression over the predictive ability of generalized self-efficacy (GSE) and mindfulness among 332 university students. A second purpose was to test whether resilience uniquely buffered the relationship between two forms of stress—cumulative stress from particular negative life events and general perceived stress—and both life satisfaction and depression over the buffering ability of GSE and mindfulness. In hierarchical multiple regressions, resilience uniquely predicted 3% of the variance in satisfaction with life and 1% of the variance in depression. GSE and mindfulness buffered the relationship between cumulative negative life event stress and depression. At higher levels of GSE and mindfulness, the relationship between cumulative negative life event stress and depression was weaker.

This study examines associations between a set of financial stress factors and three types of utilizations of mobile financial technology (fintech) from a stress-coping perspective. With data from the 2018 National Financial Capability Study, the results indicated that financial stress, perceived overindebtedness, and stressful financial stressors were positively related to the usage of mobile fintech for fundamental financial task management, mobile transaction, and mobile banking. Policy makers need to be aware of the opportunities generated within the growing fintech industry and its potential role as a stress-coping resource for consumers experiencing financial stress, perceived overindebtedness, and financial stressor events. Financial practitioners, educators, and institutions can apply the findings of this study as they develop and promote financial services and products through mobile devices to create greater access for individuals to cope with financial stress and difficulties.

While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a first-line treatment for anxiety, it is not typically offered to those with intellectual disability (ID). In this article, we provide a historical perspective on the treatment of mental health concerns in adults with ID, describe an adapted CBT treatment for anxiety in adults with Williams syndrome (WS) and mild to moderate ID, and discuss general modifications to CBT for adults with ID. Strategies used to successfully adapt CBT for adults with WS that may generalize for adults with ID more broadly include: (a) using child-based CBT manuals as a framework; (b) involving a caregiver as a therapy partner; (c) incorporating a high level of repetition; (d) simplifying language; (e) slowing the pace of instruction; and (f) incorporating specific examples and adaptations for WS.

Mental health clinicians frequently experience hate speech during patient care, resulting in an ethical dilemma. This study evaluated a 1-hour webinar discussing the ethics of working with Veterans who use hate speech, motivations and intentions of hate speech, and guidance on how to respond. The webinar was offered through the virtual Community-Based Outpatient Clinic Mental Health Grand Rounds session at the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Rural mental health clinicians were the target audience; however, all VHA clinicians could attend. Participants were VHA clinicians who completed the evaluation for the training and received one continuing education unit for this training (n = 668). They were highly satisfied with the training and would recommend it to others. They also reported the intention to talk with coworkers and trainees about responding to hate speech and requested additional training. The recorded training can be viewed for free at https://www.mirecc.va.gov/visn16/working-with-patients-who-use-hate-speech.asp.

The metacognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) considers Type II worry, which represents one’s tendency to negatively appraise worry, as a defining feature of GAD, and negative metacognitive beliefs are central to eliciting Type II worry during worry episodes. Extant research has found that individuals experiencing GAD report elevated Type II worry, and that negative metacognitive beliefs correlate with Type II worry. However, because of how Type II worry was assessed in existing studies, it remains unclear if negative metacognitive beliefs relate to state Type II worry specifically during a worry episode. This study sought to fill that gap in the existing literature among a sample of individuals experiencing elevated GAD symptom severity (N = 106). Participants completed an assessment of GAD symptom severity and metacognitive beliefs, while later attending an in-person study session where they completed a worry induction and state Type II worry, as conceptualized as the strength of negative appraisals of worry, which was then assessed. Metacognitive beliefs generally positively correlated with state Type II worry, with negative metacognitive beliefs being the only metacognitive belief domain that correlated with state Type II worry in multivariate analyses. Implications for how these results support the metacognitive model of GAD and treatment implications are discussed.

A prior open trial of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for comorbid social anxiety disorder (SAD) and depression showed clinically significant improvement over the course of 16 sessions. The aim of the current study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of ACT for this population in a pilot randomized trial within a routine practice setting. Patients (n = 26) were randomly assigned to 16 weeks of medication treatment as usual (mTAU) versus mTAU plus ACT (mTAU + ACT). Results showed that a significantly greater percentage of patients in mTAU not only dropped out of the study but also dropped out of treatment at the practice altogether, compared to patients in mTAU + ACT. Overall, results from this study suggest that having a comparison condition of mTAU alone in a randomized trial in a routine practice setting is not feasible and that patients with comorbid forms of SAD may require psychotherapy to remain engaged in treatment in standard clinical practice. Preliminary results for patients within the mTAU + ACT condition on treatment satisfaction and outcomes were comparable to results from the prior open trial, suggesting that ACT itself is worthy of further investigation. Further modifications to the study design may be needed to develop a feasible and acceptable comparison condition against which to test ACT for comorbid SAD in a routine practice setting.

This descriptive qualitative study explored what the spiritual practice of chanting means to the well-being of older adults living in a Northern Thailand community. In-depth interviews included 20 participants 60 years of age or older. Participants shared that chanting requires the Buddhist faith and continuous practice is beneficial in promoting wellness. Chanting provides a spiritual anchor of hope that ameliorates the experience of deleterious life events. The findings shed new light on the significance of chanting for older adults’ well-being. Chanting can provide a basis for health promotion policies and interactions that promote the health of older adults.

The integration of telehealth has changed the backdrop of healthcare delivery, a transformation that challenges nurses’ perception of presence. Nursing theorists equate presence with “doing for” and “being with” the patient. Understanding these concepts in the context of virtual healthcare has great implications for nursing education, practice, theory, and research. The purpose of this article is to illuminate the dynamic and evolving nature of nursing presence in the context of telehealth and highlight the ways to create the nursing presence by being with the patients in the virtual environment using the telehealth model of caring.

Academic–practice partnerships are fundamental to advance nursing excellence and human caring, and improve safety and quality outcomes. Collaborative strategies were formed between two organizations in Southern California. In alignment with both organization’s mission of diversity, equity, and inclusion, this joint effort benefits the community at large including elevating clinical experiences, leadership opportunities, shared programming, and professional development. This mutual partnership interprofessional investment led to the formation of several faculty/service nursing development consortiums resulting in increased commitment to attain higher academic achievements, pursue scholarly work, and improve the human condition.

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of Native American elders aged 65 and older during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative descriptive narrative approach using the Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) process was used to capture the lived experiences of four Native American elders during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Nursing as Caring theoretical framework (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001) guided the study in understanding Native American elder’s perspective during the pandemic. Using the CQR analytical approach and the Nursing as Caring framework, three key theoretical Nursing as Caring concepts corresponded with the following three themes that emerged from the participant responses: (a) staying connected, (b) navigating ways to engage, and (c) finding purpose. Elder Native Americans lived experiences, especially during crisis times such as COVID-19, are critical for developing an understanding of the meaningfulness of staying connected, navigating ways to engage, and finding purpose.

Children, young people, and adults with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are known to be at risk of experiencing high rates of traumatic events. EMDR is an evidence-based psychological therapy for trauma and mental health conditions in the general population. A systematic search was conducted to find research studies using EMDR with individuals with certain NDDs across the lifespan. A total of 15 studies were included in this review, 13 of which were case studies/series. Although findings are inconclusive as to whether EMDR can be effective for individuals with NDDs, it is encouraging that all the studies included in the review reported a reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. However, more robust research examining the effectiveness of EMDR for people with NDDs is needed.

Given the soaring costs of higher education, financial aid is helpful to reduce the direct costs of college. Student loans are the most common financial support for college students. The purpose of this research was to estimate whether student loan holding and amounts were negatively associated with life satisfaction utilizing 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. This study utilized the fixed-effects-logit model to demonstrate the association. The results showed that holding student loans was negatively associated with life satisfaction. But there was no statistically significant association when student loans were measured as the actual amount. The existence of student loans rather than the amount was what was associated with decreased utility in the short term. This study mainly focused on the change of “within-group” effect on life satisfaction in the short run. The findings underscore the importance of education savings from parents and use of student loans on overall life satisfaction practitioners.

This study examined whether a budgeting intervention offered in a student success course was related to self-reported changes in college students’ financial self-efficacy, financial management behaviors, or financial stress. Participants from a midwestern public university were asked to complete an optional survey prior to the intervention and a postintervention survey 6 weeks after the intervention. Descriptive analyses were used to determine whether students’ responses significantly changed over time. The budgeting intervention was positively and significantly related to financial self-efficacy; however, students’ self-reported financial management behaviors and financial stress did not significantly change. The results lend support for the role that a financial literacy and budgeting intervention can play in relation to college students’ financial self-efficacy among a sample of students who did not specifically self-select into a financial information course and with a relatively short-term and low-cost intervention that can be easily replicated.

This study explored the associations among personal financial planning, self‐control, and financial satisfaction using a sample of 293 employees of universities in Ghana. Based on the partial least squares structural equation modeling analyses, the results showed that financial planning and self‐control had positive relationships with financial satisfaction and that self-control partially mediated the relationship between financial planning and financial satisfaction.

Financial programs may help veterans who have problematic financial status (PFS). As they support veterans, they improve their ability to meet their immediate financial needs (IFN) and financial satisfaction (FS) after their military-to-civilian transition. This study examined the use of financial programs and distilled them into their content components and the processes by which content components are delivered. This study examined the degree to which the use of specific content and process components resulted in changes in IFN and FS over the first 30–33 months after the transition. Financial content components, including investment, budgeting, homeownership, accessing benefits, and credit-score information, were associated with either improved IFN or FS. Interactive tools were often a significant process component associated with the above content components. These findings can assist program developers and practitioners in promoting the use of content and process components that may aid veterans who are experiencing PFS.

Emerging adults face an increasingly complicated financial climate, which necessitates that they possess dynamic financial decision-making skills. With an increased understanding of emerging adults’ financial decision-making processes and what influences their financial decisions, parents, financial counselors, and other individuals can better prepare emerging adults to be financially independent. This qualitative study explored how emerging adults make financial decisions by asking questions about their habits and preferences as well as responding to two hypothetical, financial-related dilemma scenarios. Participants engaged in interactive learning sessions where they were able to share their responses in a group setting. Findings indicated that participants consulted media and their parents the most when they needed advice or additional information to make financial decisions. Based on this study’s findings, it is recommended that financial literacy programs involve emerging adults’ families and leverage the influence of media when teaching financial knowledge and skills.

Financial coaching, a hands-on financial wellness approach, has emerged as a go-to strategy to help clients establish and reach their personal financial goals. We analyzed the borrowing and repayment behavior of 1,790 clients who received financial coaching through a program sponsored by the state of Delaware. Relative to a matched comparison group, financial coaching clients cure 0.24 more delinquent accounts, reduce credit card utilization by 5 percentage points, reduce the number of debts in collections by an additional 0.37 accounts, and have $422 less in credit card debt. Findings also show a 7 percentage point increase in the share of clients with a credit card and a 6 percentage point increase in the share of clients with a student loan. We do not see consistent differences in personal installment loans or mortgage holding. These estimates provide evidence that financial coaching can provide benefits for clients while being provided on a state-wide scale, illustrating the potential of public–private programs to provide services.

This article examines the influence of financial self-efficacy, financial behavior, financial stress, and financial stressor events on the financial well-being (FWB) of Malaysians during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article then analyzes the moderating effects of three types of coping strategies (self-coping, borrowing, and government aid) on the relationship between financial stress and financial stressor events (income loss, creditor, and legal action stressor events) and FWB. Analyses from a sample of 738 Malaysian working adults indicated that financial self-efficacy and financial behavior were positively related to FWB, while financial stress and financial stressor events were negatively related to FWB. Self-coping and borrowing reduced the negative effect of financial stress on FWB, while the government aid coping strategy reduced the impact of income loss and legal action stressor events on FWB. The study contributes to the literature by examining coping strategies and financial stressor events by three distinct categories in the context of an emerging market.

This study investigated the effect of the victim’s gender and the perpetrator’s attractiveness on the observer’s blame on the male and female victims of coercive sexual contact. Two hundred and ninety-six participants (184 females) were enrolled in an experiment in which the victim’s gender and the offender’s attractiveness were manipulated using vignettes depicting cross-gender sexual assault. Participants rated emotions that the victims experienced in being assaulted and attributed victim blame. The results indicate that the male victim was blamed more than the female victim, especially when the female perpetrator was described as attractive. The female victim was perceived as having experienced more negative emotions and fewer positive emotions than the male victim. The effect of the victim’s gender on victim blaming was mediated by both positive and negative emotions.

The following phenomenological hermeneutic study investigated the perception and modeling of caring by 13 experienced nurse educators toward nursing students within the classroom setting. Three influences in the nurse educator’s world were entitled versus engaged students, large versus small classrooms, and struggle versus support from the university. The following themes emerged from the textual analysis: embodied caring, why we care, developing a rhythm of caring, influences on caring, and caring communication. The unique contribution of this research brings a renewed perspective on caring. Caring is the essence of nursing and should be the focal point of nursing education.

While there is substantial public health literature that documents the negative impacts of living in “food deserts” (e.g., obesity and diabetes), little is known regarding whether living in a food desert is associated with increased criminal victimization. With the block group as the unit of analysis, the present study examines whether there is a relationship between food deserts and elevated crime counts, and whether this relationship varies by racial composition. Results from multiple count models suggest that living in a food desert is not associated with higher levels of violent or property crime. But multiplicative models interacting percent Black with food deserts revealed statistically significant associations with violent crime but not property crime. Alternatively, multiplicative models interacting percent White with food deserts revealed statistically significant associational reductions in violent crimes. Several policy and research implications are discussed.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important public health problem. Female victims of IPV do not always use the institutional resources available to them. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Spanish 2014 Macro-Survey on Violence Against Women. The findings show that 15% of the survey participants suffered from IPV in the last year. The factors associated with a higher probability of suffering IPV are being of non-Spanish nationality, being a student, having a low-educational level, having no income, being the household head, and not having a current partner. Regarding the resources used by women subjected to IPV, almost half resorted to informal sources, such as female friends and/or their own mothers. The use of formal resources was low. Therefore, IPV continues to be a problem in Spain that seems to remain in the private domain. Consequently, it is necessary to increase the availability of and access to legal resources.

Latine communities comprise 18% of the U.S. population but account for 27% of all new HIV infections in 2019. Arguably, a key ingredient to reducing HIV infection rate is knowing one’s status. A precursor to knowing is actually getting tested for HIV. The more information one has concerning how social determinants serve as conduits and barriers to getting testing, the more beneficial to all communities, especially marginalized ones. To help fill this knowledge gap, this article utilizes critical race theory and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks, employs secondary analysis of the Latine sample within the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as hierarchical logistical regression modeling to examine the relative impact of health and healthcare, substance use, and key demographics on whether or not a respondent gets tested for HIV. Furthermore, to examine gender differences across these relationships for Latine adults, analyses are performed first for both genders and then separately for male and female respondents.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) may significantly impact treatment outcomes for depression in primary care. An analysis of patients in collaborative care was conducted to explore the association between SDOH and depression baseline scores and treatment outcomes as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9). Although individuals’ baseline PHQ9 scores did not differ by SDOH flag, there was a direct effect of SDOH on PHQ9 reduction rates. SDOH did not significantly moderate the association between collaborative care treatment and depression outcomes. Individuals flagged with SDOH showed higher depression scores at the end of the treatment despite a higher clinical dosage. Routine screening for SDOH in collaborative care and primary care should be further explored.

Access to emergency food is critical for the survival and health of vulnerable populations, but its importance is not understood in the context of food deserts. Using a cross-sectional survey based on Albany and Troy, New York, we compared the two food desert models, one based on paid (e.g., grocery stores) and the other based on free food options (e.g., emergency food sites such as pantries and soup kitchens). Structural equation modeling was conducted to identify pathways among people’s access to food sites, food consumption patterns, food insecurity, and health conditions. Access to grocery stores did not show significant links to food insecurity or health conditions, whereas access to emergency food, especially time taken to such food outlets, was found to be a significant factor for increased consumption of fresh food. Among the diet-related variables, food insecurity showed the strongest link to negative health outcomes. Access to free or low-cost options needs to be taken into consideration when designing research and practice concerning food deserts, food insecurity, and subsequent health effects.

Research on polyvictimization (i.e., experiencing multiple types of victimization) suggests that its effects are diverse and may be more severe than the effects of single-type victimization. Few studies have focused on polyvictimization among college students and how its experience may shape academic life. Thus, this study examines how polyvictimization (i.e., sexual, violent, and stalking—in the last 12 months) among college students relates to academic performance. Participants (N = 67,972) were drawn from the Spring 2019 administration of the American College Health Association’s National College Health Assessment II. Findings show that polyvictims’ grade point averages are lower than nonpolyvictims and polyvictims have higher odds of having their academic performance suffer connected to a variety of factors (mental health, physical health, and substance use). Students who experienced three types of victimization (compared to fewer) had the highest odds of having their academic performance harmed. These findings suggest extra attention be paid to polyvictimization as it relates to factors that shape academic performance.

There has been much controversy surrounding critical race theory (CRT) and the discussion of race and racism in education. The national emergence of racial injustices such as state-sanctioned violence, police killings of people of color, schools’ pipeline to prison, and COVID-19 racial disparities, in addition to racial justice movements such as #BlackLivesMatter, #SayHerName, and #BlackAndMissing has ignited the need for the social work profession to bring awareness to the pervasiveness of race and to fully acknowledge the role of white supremacy on education, social systems, institutions, legal systems, and culture. This article highlights the need for social work education to develop anti-racist education and practice and increase awareness of white supremacy in the United States. In addition, this article suggests the value of infusing CRT as an anti-racist pedagogy and tool to teach race, actively oppose racism, and organize social change.

Sexual harassment (SH) is an uprising problem worldwide, especially in Egypt. This study aims to determine the magnitude, patterns, and circumstances of SH among female students at Suez Canal University. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative female student sample (N = 644) from all the faculties using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. The high prevalence of SH among college students in this study could be a consequence of the absence of knowledge about the legal framework. It mostly happened at all times of the day and night in the streets, and the least amount happened on the campus. Most of the harassers were younger than 20 years old and strangers. The majority of harassed females and surrounding people displayed negative reactions. None of the harassed females notified the authorities. The majority blamed men, and half claimed the SH act was due to the absence of religious principles. Moreover, the ignorance of the majority is with Egyptian law against SH. Both psychological and social impacts are significantly experienced by the harassed females. Thus, it is urgent to establish an institutional program (e.g., psycho-educative sessions during classes and peer training) or national awareness campaigns. Such programs and trainings aim to increase the awareness of students about the SH legal framework and how to deal with such acts, either as a victim or a witness, and how to provide the needed psychological assistance.

Sexual assault (SA) is a serious challenge faced by the U.S. military. Participants in this study included men and women who volunteered in response to a call for survivors of SA. Participants included active duty and reserve U.S. Air Force (USAF) members, spouses of service members, or civilian employees for the USAF (beneficiaries). The primary research question was, “if you could design the perfect response system to support survivors, what would be included in this system?” The research team conducted in-depth interviews with nine survivors. Next, 82 survivors completed a survey agreeing or disagreeing with strategies identified by interview participants to improve services for survivors and offered additional suggestions. Analysis revealed survivor recommendations to improve SA services.

Childhood violence victimization is a serious adverse childhood experience with lasting health impacts. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of five forms of childhood violence victimization and their association with revictimization and negative health conditions among adults. Data are from the 2010–2012 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey. Age at first victimization and perpetrator sex were assessed; adjusted odds ratios assessed associations with revictimization and health. Ages 14–17 were the most common age at first victimization for most violence types; almost half of male (46.7%) and a quarter of female (27.0%) rape victims reported first victimization before age 10. Most victimization was associated with revictimization and negative health, controlling for adult victimization. Primary prevention of childhood violence may reduce later health risks.

Transition milestones (e.g., telling family members that one is transgender and beginning hormone treatments) are specific transition-related events in transgender persons’ lives that demarcate what their life circumstances were before versus after the milestone was reached. This article examines the relationship between transition milestones and psychological distress in a large sample of transgender adults. Data from the 2015 U.S. National Transgender Survey were used to examine 11 specific transition milestones in a sample of 27,715 transgender Americans aged 18 or older. A majority (64.6%) of respondents reported that psychological distress had affected them “some” or “a lot.” Along with nine of the demographic measures and 13 of the support/discrimination measures, nine of the 11 transition milestones under study were found to be related to psychological distress levels. Reaching specific transition milestones plays an important role in many transgender adults’ lives and may be highly beneficial in helping them to reduce psychological distress.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced victim service organizations to establish new service provision protocols to include remote/telehealth services. We conducted N = 12 qualitative interviews with sexual assault advocates working in an urban agency in a predominately African American U.S. city to understand how they adapted services to meet the needs of their community. A thematic analysis revealed this organization was under-prepared for prolonged interruption of in-person services. Even though this agency was able to create telehealth options, many clients did not have the financial and technological resources to utilize these services. Advocates reported that survivors expressed a strong preference for in-person services, which afford more privacy and confidentiality. The pervasive digital divide within this urban community limited survivors’ access to comprehensive services and jeopardized their safety.

This hermeneutic phenomenological study explored the lived experience of the Watson Caring Science Institute Caritas Coach Education Program graduates. Caritas coaches were interviewed to explore: how caring science influenced the development and implementation of the role, how graduates were affected as they lived out this role, and how caritas coaching affected the quality of nursing care. Three themes were identified: finding voice, living life with purpose and meaning, and the need for change in healthcare. Participant experience supported the importance of caritas coaching and its potential to change how nursing is practiced. It also offered an expanded view of nurse coaching.

This review used Simone Roach’s approach to identify caring science hidden in effective research interventions for adolescents’ sexual risk behaviors (ASRBs). Fifteen studies met the criteria for effective adolescent sexual risk interventions (EASRIs) during a systematic review. We analyzed the EASRIs, outcomes, and research process, and 16 EASRI components were assigned. Furthermore, based on Roach’s attributes as related to research, each intervention and research process was critiqued and analyzed. Critique resulted in the creation of domains for each caring attribute as related to the research process and EASRIs. Roach’s six Cs may help develop and enhance EASRI, thereby reducing SRB.

Disenfranchised grief is experienced during bereavement loss and after the loss of something personal, physical, or psychological in which a person lacks societal witnessing, empathy, or validation of their loss. A concept analysis was performed to identify the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of disenfranchised grief. A model case was developed to assist nurses in identifying patterns of disenfranchised grief. Grounded within the Unitary Caring Science paradigm, a new definition of disenfranchised grief was developed. Recommendations framed through the lens of Unitary Caring Science will guide nursing research and practice to enfranchise and humanize the grief experience.

This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of what dignity is for older people cared for in a hospital. Old age is one stage in life where dignity might be threatened during hospitalization. This study is rooted in the theoretical perspective of caring and caring science. The overall methodology is the hermeneutical philosophy of understanding as outlined by Hans-Georg Gadamer. The interpretation revealed the patients’ struggle between death and life, and the struggle between being dignified and being violated. Being old and hospitalized entail a struggle in standing on one’s dignity.

The dramatic increase in disasters and other public health emergencies presents untoward challenges for emergency support systems and reinforces the need for nursing preparedness. There is increased emphasis on the need for nurses and other healthcare professionals to be competently ready when the call arises. Nurses are at the forefront of disaster response, and preparation with the knowledge, attitudes, and skills for optimal care delivery is paramount. This qualitative study explored undergraduate nursing students’ perception of their situational knowledge, awareness, and perceived role during a virtual disaster experience. Three themes emerged from the data: increased awareness of the need to be prepared, a quest for knowledge, and improved recognition of the nurse’s role in caring for disaster victims. The findings suggest that the innovative use of virtual simulation was a promising pedagogical approach for disaster education in the nursing curriculum.

L’échelle des expériences dissociatives (DES-II) reste l’outil de dépistage rapide le plus largement utilisé pour repérer les symptômes dissociatifs, malgré les limites de l’instrument et de la formation de ses utilisateurs. Les procédures standard de la thérapie de désensibilisation et de retraitement par les mouvements oculaires (EMDR) nécessitent une évaluation clinique approfondie et un dépistage systématique de la présence d’un trouble dissociatif. Cela permet de développer une conceptualisation précise du cas avant les phases de préparation et de retraitement des traumatismes de la thérapie EMDR. Le fait de se fier aux notes moyennes du DES-II comme mesure unique de traits dissociatifs – en particulier chez les personnes rapportant des antécédents de négligence ou de maltraitance dans leur petite enfance – est insuffisant pour déterminer si l'on peut retraiter en toute sécurité les souvenirs traumatiques. Les lignes directrices de la Société internationale pour l’étude du traumatisme et de la dissociation (ISSTD) pour le traitement du trouble dissociatif de l’identité chez les adultes, troisième révision, le relèvent : l’emploi de la thérapie EMDR standard avec des personnes souffrant d’un trouble dissociatif non reconnu a été signalé comme un risque de dommage important. Les pratiques standard des cliniciens formés à l'EMDR en matière de dépistage des troubles dissociatifs doivent évoluer au-delà d'une confiance aveugle dans le DES-II : l'utilisation systématique d'un examen de l'état mental (MSE) et d'outils de diagnostic fiables est impérative. Plusieurs outils d’évaluation pertinents sont passés ici en revue, avec leurs forces et leurs limites. Les auteurs recommandent aux cliniciens d’appliquer ces approches même si leur intention est d’écarter des personnes dont les difficultés se situent en dehors de leur champ d’action ou de leur plan de recherche.

Interventions for functional impairments in adolescents and young adults at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis are needed. Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training (CBSST) has been found to improve functioning in patients with schizophrenia. The CBSST manual was adapted for CHR and implemented across 3 sites. The key changes that were made were to present a focus of normalization and destigmatization of attenuated psychotic symptoms and since CBSST has a major focus on role plays, problem solving and challenging thoughts, examples of these were changed to be more appropriate for this young CHR population. We describe the manual modifications and present fidelity data to examine the success of training and supervision methods in a multi-site randomized controlled trial of CBSST in CHR youth. Fidelity was high and comparable across sites. Case vignettes are presented to demonstrate how CBSST techniques were adapted for UHR individuals to target functional impairments.

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between perfectionism, OCD symptom dimensions, harm avoidance, and incompleteness at varying levels (i.e., higher-order/subscale) in college students. College students (n = 548) completed measures of perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, harm avoidance and incompleteness. The results revealed that all five higher-order dimensions of perfectionism were related to incompleteness but only three were related to harm avoidance. Parallel mediation revealed an indirect relationship between concern for mistakes and doubts about actions and checking and cleaning behaviors, respectively, through incompleteness. An indirect relationship between concern for mistakes and doubts about actions with ordering, respectively, through both incompleteness and harm avoidance was found. However, incompleteness played a stronger role than harm avoidance in this relationship. These results suggest that incompleteness might be a stronger motivator than harm avoidance for perfectionistic individuals. Therefore, interventions targeting incompleteness should be implemented to potentially circumvent the development or worsening of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Violence against women is a public health problem, and it causes psychological damage that should be the focus of psychological treatment. Psychological symptoms include anxiety, depression, and trauma-related stress. Scientific, evidence-based practices are recommended for a high-quality outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 16-session Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy protocol for women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV). The final sample included 26 women. The participants were evaluated before the intervention and after the end of it. The study results indicate an increase in the level of life satisfaction, as well as a reduction in anxiety, depression, and trauma-related symptoms. Patients with different histories of violence have benefited from the intervention. Despite the limitations of this study, for example, sample size and the absence of a control group, the results provide initial evidence of the effectiveness of the protocol. This study contributes to stimulating evidence-based practices for treatment for this population in Brazil. Future experimental and follow-up studies are necessary to produce evidence of the effectiveness of the protocol.

Sexual orientation intrusive thoughts are a debilitating form of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The present study aimed to elucidate how psychological inflexibility and dysfunctional beliefs may impact the relationships of sexual orientation intrusive thoughts and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms with well-being. A total of 181 undergraduate students completed measures of sexual orientation intrusive thoughts, OC symptoms, psychological inflexibility, dysfunctional beliefs, and well-being. Results indicated positive correlations between psychological inflexibility, sexual orientation intrusive thoughts, dysfunctional beliefs, and OC symptoms, along with negative correlations between well-being and sexual orientation intrusive thoughts, OC symptoms, dysfunctional beliefs, and psychological inflexibility. Psychological inflexibility acted as a mediator between sexual orientation intrusive thoughts and well-being and between OC symptoms and well-being. Dysfunctional beliefs were not a significant mediator. These results suggest that psychological inflexibility may partially explain the association between OC symptoms and well-being, pointing toward the need for future research on the impact of psychological inflexibility on well-being in the context of OC symptoms.

We describe the perceptions of mental health clinicians practicing in the United States about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation and treatment course of active clients with anxiety. Clinician participants reported on client symptomology at the beginning of treatment, just before (prior to March 2020), and at a mid-pandemic timepoint (December 2020/January 2021). An initial sample of 70 clinicians responded to a survey assessing their clients’ overall anxiety severity, anxiety sensitivity, pathological uncertainty, family accommodation, and avoidance levels. Of these, 54 clinician responses were included in study analyses, providing detailed clinical information on 81 clients. Findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in anxiety severity in the majority of clients; overall, clinicians reported that 53% of clients had symptoms worsen due to COVID-19 and that only 16% experienced improvement of symptoms during treatment. Those who had lower levels of avoidance pre-pandemic and those who increased their frequency of treatment were more likely to experience increases in anxiety severity by the mid-pandemic timepoint. Further research is needed to understand the extended effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety symptomology and treatment.