The purpose of this study was to develop the Financial Transparency Scale (FTS) to assess financial transparency, the open and honest disclosure of one's finances, between married partners. A sample of 183 individuals married for less than 5 years, in their first marriage, completed an online survey. Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted and determined the FTS is comprised of three components: Financial Partnership, Financial Secrecy, and Financial Trust and Disclosure. The FTS was positively correlated with four related scales: the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, the Shared Goals and Values Scale, the Frequency of Financial Management Scale, and the Communication Patterns Questionnaire – Short Form. An alpha of .94 was reported for the FTS. Financial practitioners can use the FTS as a tool to determine the level of financial transparency within a couple relationship, identify areas of concern, and illustrate the importance of open and honest communication about finances.

This article examines potential consumer harm that may arise due to regulating modern financial services communication technology with rules written in the early 20th century. It is argued that disparities in record keeping regulation across communication mediums disincentivizes the use of technology capable of generating records for consumer retention, while incentivizing the use of technology which shields financial advisors from accountability. Experimental evidence is provided in support of this argument. Further, it is argued that regulation disparities across communication mediums may result in more wrongful accusations of advisor misconduct, less reporting of genuine misconduct, less self-policing among industry members, and greater unrectifiable consumer harm. Objections to these arguments are considered, along with practical guidance for consumers, regulators, and policy makers.

This study examined the mediating role of beliefs about both active and passive consent in the prospective associations between sexual assault (SA) risk factors and coercive, incapacitated, and forcible attempted/completed SA among college men. Participants were 471 college men who completed self-report surveys at the end of each of their 4 years of college. SA risk factors (risky behavior, rape-supportive beliefs and peer norms, personality traits, childhood adversity) were assessed at Wave 1, beliefs about consent were assessed at Wave 2, and perpetration was assessed at Waves 3 and 4. Multivariate regression models with bias-corrected bootstrapping assessed longitudinal mediation. SA risk factors were negatively associated with endorsement of active consent (verbal approval required) and positively associated with passive consent (assume “yes” until you hear a “no”), with strongest effects observed for coercive SA. Both types of beliefs about consent served as mediators between risk factors and perpetration. Findings suggest that prevention programs should include a focus on reducing SA risk factors, clarifying definitions of consent, and improving sexual communication.

This paper introduces a theory, synthesized from studies about professional nursing care from the perspective of patients’ perceptions of caring and uncaring encounters with nurses and other health professionals. The theory’s major tenets are: Nursing is compassionate competence and caring is the core of nursing according to the patient. the other aspects are: Competence, which must always have primacy in nursing according to the patient; wisdom, postulated to develop through the interplay of the nurse’s knowledge and experience; attentiveness, evidenced by a nurse’s undivided attention to the patient while with the patient; empowering communication and connection between nurse and patient, key to good nursing care according to the patient; and self-knowledge and self-development of the nurse, without which it is unlikely that the nurse can keep on being caring and empowering in communication with clients of nursing.

A caring-trusting relationship between teacher and student is foundational in caring educational environments. This relationship can be threatened when negative feedback to students is required. Instructional feedback based on feedback intervention theory (FIT) has been effective in communication studies. The purpose of this action research study was to explore the use of FIT-based communication techniques as a tool for nursing faculty to provide instructional feedback while protecting the caring-trusting relationship between teacher and student. Study participants reported positive changes in the instructional feedback communications with students that enabled a culture of caring to be maintained.

The aim of this article is to describe the development of therapeutic reciprocity using Walker and Avant’s (2011) synthesis strategies for concept formation. Data sources consisted of direct observations during the author’s clinical practice and literature from databases using combinations of the search terms “caring,” “communication,” “intersubjectivity,” “language,” “nurse-patient,” “psycholinguistics,” “relational,” “relationship sociological,” “therapeutic reciprocity,” “transformative,” and “words.” The concept synthesis generated the antecedents, attributes, consequences, and operational definition of therapeutic reciprocity. Therapeutic reciprocity is a genuine sharing of thoughts, feelings, and experiences between nurse and patient where mutual learning occurs and shared meanings develop.

In this ethnographic study, nurses clearly described their beliefs, values, and experiences related to assessing pain in nursing home residents. These were affected by (a) the nurse’s perception of the role, (b) the resident’s ability to verbalize his or her pain, and (c) the nurse’s skill in identifying behavioral cues including nonverbal pain communications such as agitation or change in functional status. Knowledge of the individual resident was crucial; knowledge of the field of geriatric nursing was also important. Characteristics of the setting including formal and informal job expectations and the use of temporary nursing staff influenced practice.

This work examines the perception by cold case homicide covictims that police have given up trying to solve their loved one’s murder. A random sample (n = 65) of cold case homicide covictims is surveyed to determine if, and how, different forms of communication may be important in their perceptions about police. Ordered logistic regression analyses indicate that perceived importance of the information communicated, frequency of police contact, and satisfaction with communication efforts by police are inversely correlated with covictims’ perceptions that police have given up on the investigation. These inverse correlations persist despite statistical controls and have important implications for the bereavement of covictims and for crime rates.