This book is a study guide/self-evaluation tool to prepare for the ABPN exam and MOC exam in vascular neurology. It is representative of the areas tested on the exam, including the standard clinical and basic science of stroke and some of the esoterica that appear on the exam. The book serves as a study guide for any neurologist, internist, or family practitioner interested in expanding his or her knowledge in this important field. The practice exam question-and-answer format is an effective and engaging study method, as opposed to a didactic review or summary reader. It is useful also to identify areas of weakness that require further study. The book has over 600 questions divided across fifteen sections. The fifteen sections are as follows: Basic Science; Vascular and Brain Anatomy; Clinical Pathology; Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics; Epidemiology, Genetics, Primary Prevention; Ischemic Disease of the Brain and Spinal Cord; Hemorrhagic Disease of the Brain and Spinal Cord; Neuro-Ophthalmology; Cardiovascular Disease; Hematology; Pediatric Cerebrovascular Disease; Neurovascular Imaging; Clinical Trials and Ethics; Recovery and Rehabilitation; and Case Studies in Cerebrovascular Disease. The questions include cytotoxic edema following cerebral ischemia, internal carotid artery; cavernous malformations; thiazide diuretics; fibromuscular dysplasia; transient global amnesia; spinal epidural hematomas; ischemic optic neuropathy; atrial fibrillation; Von Willebrand disease; Perinatal ischemic stroke; cerebral microbleeds; modified Rankin scale; botulinum toxin and so on. Explanatory answers with appropriate references are included to facilitate learning. Most of the references are relatively recent, but for certain topics, the classic references, such as Niels Lassen’s work on incomplete cerebral ischemia and Anthony Furlan’s classic description of retinal ischemia presenting as visual change in bright light have been included.

This book demonstrates a logical approach to the nervous system that should serve the student throughout medical school rotations, postgraduate residency training, and medical practice during the lifelong learning task of evaluating patients with neurological problems. After a brief introduction to the concept of localization, Chapter 2 of the book deals with the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS). The brain includes the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem, and is organized into the four lobes of each cerebral hemisphere, plus the basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus (diencephalon), brainstem, and cerebellum. Chapter 3 discusses the function of peripheral nerves and cardinal signs of peripheral nerve disease such as weakness, wasting and areflexia, and reviews the anatomical organization of peripheral nervous system (PNS). The fourth chapter includes special applications of neuro-logic covering coma, epilepsy, movement, vertigo, cord compression, and autonomics. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) enables, modulates, and controls the automatic functions we take for granted during day-to-day life until something goes awry. Chapter 6 focuses on the frontal lobe and associated subcortical structures that are the areas most involved in the pathogenesis of many psychiatric syndromes. The neurological examination is designed to assist with the localization of a patient’s disturbance affecting the nervous system. The exam consists of examination of mental status, cranial nerves, and that of other elements, namely motor, sensory and reflexes.

The ability to properly interpret and develop independence and proficiency in neuroradiological studies is crucial for all neurologists. A visual memory of a clinical case is retained and absorbed in a way traditional text readings are not. In this book, each topic is introduced with a brief clinical scenario to reinforce this connection, and the text is populated with a broad array of neuroimages, including CT, MRI, MRA, and angiography. Every topic begins with a brief case scenario and image-based diagnosis, and is followed by a short introduction to the disorder, clinical presentation, radiographic appearance, diagnostic hallmarks, differential diagnosis, and treatment. The abundantly illustrated book covers the following major areas of neurology: ischemia including ischemic stroke and brainstem stroke syndromes; hemorrhage including amyloid beta related angiitis (ABRA) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA); arteriovenous malformations; neoplastic diseases such as primary central nervous system neoplasm; pituitary disorders; cystic lesions; demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and optic neuritis (ON); epilepsy including frontal and temporal lobe epilepsies and limbic encephalitis (LE); infectious diseases such as HIV dementia complex; neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease and Parkinson’s disease; toxic and metabolic disorders such as central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and cyclosporine toxicity; pediatric neurological diseases including acute cerebellar ataxia, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), and septo-optic dysplasia; neurocutaneous syndromes; trauma; and some miscellaneous diseases such as Behcet’s disease.

This book contains over 800 questions with answers and detailed explanations covering all areas of the complex subspecialty of clinical neurophysiology. It is divided into eight chapters covering anatomy and physiology, electronics and instrumentation, nerve conduction studies and electromyography, electroencephalography (EEG), evoked potentials and intraoperative monitoring, sleep studies, ethics and safety, and advanced topics including quantitative EEG, magnetoencephalography, transcranial electrical stimulation, autonomic testing, and more. Liberal use of image-based questions illustrating the full spectrum of neurophysiologic tests and findings build interpretive skills. Questions are randomized and include both case-related questions in series and stand-alone items to familiarize candidates with the question types and formats they will find on the exam. This book is recommended for its intended audience and candidates for board certification in a field of clinical neurophysiology. It can be a useful resource for fellows during their training. The book is in a Q&A format with answers and detailed rationales to facilitate recall of must-know information and help identify knowledge gaps for further study. The book provides case-based questions in series to simulate full range of board question types. It includes numerous state-of-the-art digital images to ensure familiarity with studies and findings that form a significant part of any certifying exam and contains a unique Pearls for Passing chapter, Chapter 9, for quick review of key facts.

This book attempts to build students’ understanding of policy development through a critical analysis and review of policy frameworks, and the policy implementation process. The book is organized into four parts comprising twenty-one chapters. Part one of this book lays out a background as to the current and future demographic trends of older adults and makes the case for the reader that there are a variety of philosophical, political, economic, and social factors that affect public policy development. The chapters help the reader to explore a range of perspectives that define, shape, and impact the development and implementation of public policy. It intends to prepare the reader to critically analyze public policies related to aging. Part two provides an overview to major federal policies and programs that impact older adults and people with disabilities. It examines some historical developments leading up to the actual development and implementation of the policies. Policies include social security, medicare, the Older Americans Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Community Mental Health Centers Act, and Freedom Initiative. The last part of the book outlines specific programmatic areas that flow from aging policies, and specific components that flow from federally mandated policies. Each chapter contains same basic outline: an overview of the programs, specific features and strengths of the programs, gaps and areas for development, and challenges for the future.