Nurses are working with older adults in virtually every care setting and facing the challenges of integrating gerontological nursing knowledge and skills into their practice. This book provides core knowledge that equips nurses to differentiate normal from abnormal findings, understand the unique presentation and management of diseases, and integrate unique age-specific considerations into care planning and implementation with older adults. The book is divided into three parts. Part I lays a basic foundation of the characteristics of the older population and general considerations in applying the nursing process to gerontological care. The normal characteristics and major diseases affecting various body systems and mental function in late life are presented in Part II. The body systems under consideration include cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, genitourinary system, musculoskeletal system, neurological system and others. Age-related changes are described, along with guidance on assessing each system and mental status. Part III offers facts and nursing tips on spirituality, improving functional ability, promoting safety, fostering family health, ensuring safe use of medications, protecting older adults’ legal rights, reducing legal risks, and supporting individuals through the dying process by providing end of life care. Unique aspects and challenges of caring for older adults in hospitals, nursing homes, home health, and other settings are also reviewed.