This chapter focuses on trauma counseling, trauma-related symptoms, and trauma-informed counseling. The author discusses the prevalence, impact, and presentation of trauma symptoms across settings, as well as the operationalization of trauma-informed counseling. This chapter describes the importance of reestablishing safety and self-regulation in trauma counseling. The author notes the steps in treating trauma, including reestablishment of safety as an integral starting point. This chapter includes an exploration of the benefits of trauma-informed counseling across settings and client populations as well as the holistic impacts of trauma-informed care. This chapter also focuses on treatment, considerations for treating trauma symptoms across populations, and factors that contribute to resilience after adversity or trauma.

This chapter provides a survey of current trends in the counseling profession and explores the future of counseling and anticipated impacts on client populations. More specifically, we discuss the emergence of neuro-informed counseling and telemental health services, the increase in aging populations and counseling services for them and their caregivers, the influence of social media and effects on the mental health of client populations, the effects of climate change on the physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being of communities around the world, the internationalization of the counseling profession, and novel psychopharmacological therapies.

This chapter provides an overview of complementary and alternative approaches in individual and group counseling. The following topics are addressed: spiritual counseling, Indigenous healing practices, drumming circles, Eastern traditions, yoga and mindfulness meditation, and transpersonal counseling.

This chapter focuses on research, assessment, and diagnosis in counseling. Within the research section, the authors discuss the importance of research for the counseling profession, being a consumer of research, and social justice and advocacy related to research. In the section on assessment, the authors discuss the assessment process, including the initial assessment and measuring treatment progress and outcomes. Finally, the diagnosis section includes the history of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and treating the diagnosis versus treating the symptoms. The chapter also focuses on selecting a treatment approach and the use of evidence-based practice.

This chapter provides a survey of the main schools of thought that counseling theories fall under and the most prevalent counseling theories and frameworks that counselors use to help clients. We will center the concept of emancipatory communitarianism as a lens to evaluate and situate counseling theories and their orientations. We discuss the process of change and stages clients go through before and during therapy. Finally, we address the common factors of psychotherapy and the importance of each in promoting client healing.

This chapter focuses on substance-related disorders and behavioral concerns and addictions. It begins with a discussion of the history of drug use and the prevalence of problematic drug use and their consequences in the United States. Next, the author explores the etiology of addiction. Then, the chapter focuses on various classifications of drugs and includes descriptions of 10 different categories of drugs. Next, the chapter focuses on different types of behavioral addictions. The chapter also includes a discussion of the treatment process, treatment settings, and evidence-based practices for treating addictions. Finally, the author discusses stigma related to addictions and outlines strategies for addressing it.

This chapter focuses on counseling skill development, the counseling process, and modalities of counsel. The chapter begins with a brief discussion of the essence of counseling work. The chapter reviews the following topics: the counseling relationship, counseling skills, components of the counseling experience, learning suggestions.

This chapter focuses on certification, licensure, and accreditation standards, as well as ethical and legal issues in counseling. This includes a focus on (a) confidentiality, (b) privacy of information and records, (c) informed consent, (d) boundaries and relationships, (e) liability, and (f) ethical practice and religious beliefs. We also address ethical standards and ethical decision-making models and processes. Additionally, the chapter includes a discussion about counselor scope of practice, competency, and counselor impairment. We also integrate information regarding cultural considerations and social justice and advocacy.

This chapter focuses on the field and process of crisis counseling. The chapter begins with a brief discussion of crisis counseling and how it differs from traditional long-term therapy. After crisis is defined and operationalized, the chapter reviews the following topics: types of crisis, reactions to crisis, crisis counseling skills, crisis assessment, and crisis intervention.